How is coffee grown? Coffee planting technology points

First, coffee growth habits

Coffee is warm, drought-tolerant and cold-resistant, and it is afraid of freezing. Seedlings and adult plants are susceptible to frost defoliation and the seeds are not mature. Coffee is not required for land, and it can be planted in idle places, but it is suitable for sandy soil with good drainage, deep soil and loose fertile soil.

Second, coffee planting technology

Seed selection: Before planting, the seed germination rate should be tested. Specific method: divide the seeds with full grain into several parts, number them one by one, take out 125-250 grams in each part and put them into the corresponding numbered vessels, soak them in warm water of about 50 °C for a day and night, then pour off the water, then Rinse it with water, then cover it with a damp cloth to maintain the humidity. After three days, it can be germinated, and the seed rate of 85% or more is selected as the seed.

Site preparation: In the selected plots, 2,000 to 2,500 kilograms of fertilization per acre, 25 kilograms of superphosphate, evenly sprinkled on the ground, ploughed, squashed and flattened, generally not used. For example, it can be made into a flat 1.2 to 1.5 meters wide.

Sowing: The selected excellent seeds are soaked in warm water at 50 °C for a day and night. After the inhalation of water is inflated, the surface is removed and can be sown. The sowing period is from Qingming to Guyu (mid-April). The temperature is 15~20°C. It is too early, the ground temperature is low, the seeds are easy to rot in the soil; too late, the seeds can not mature, affecting the yield and quality. Sowing should be carried out by stripping. The row spacing is 50-70 cm, and the ditch is 5-6 cm deep. The seeds are evenly scattered in the ditch, covered with soil 3 cm, slightly suppressed, and emerged about 10 days after sowing. In the north drought, it is necessary to first plant water after sowing, and do not sow water after sowing, so as to prevent the topsoil from affecting emergence.

Third, coffee field management

Loose soil: When the seedling height is 3-6 cm, the seedlings are removed, and the weak seedlings or the dense seedlings are removed; when the seedling height is 10 to 13 cm, the seedlings are fixed, and the plant spacing is about 30 cm. At the same time, the soil and the seedlings are sown in the soil to keep the soil loose. The coffee beans are more drought-tolerant, and the soil can grow normally under normal humidity. When the drought is dry, the water should be properly watered. However, during the seedling period, the seedlings should be less watered. When the white dew (early September), the fruit tends to mature. Stop watering.

Top dressing: The height of the seedling is about 35 cm. Before the plant is closed, the seedlings apply 20 kg of calcium phosphate and 10-15 kg of ammonium sulfate. They are mixed in the rows, then cultivating the soil, burying the fertilizer in the soil, and preventing the plants from falling. .

Fourth, coffee pest control

The disease of coffee beans is more common with gray spot disease, and its pathogen is a semi-known bacteria in fungi, which mainly harms leaves. At the beginning, there was a slight brown spot in the center of the leaf, which then produced gray mold on the lesion. It sprayed 500 times 65% of the zinc solution or 800 to 1000 times of the 50% of the bacteria before or after the onset. Liquid treatment. Most of the insects occur in the late spring and early summer, mainly aphids, and are prepared with a 200-fold solution spray with a fruit juice emulsion.

5. Coffee harvesting processing and storage

The coffee beans gradually mature when they reach the autumnal (late September), and harvest when the pods turn red. Coffee beans should be stored in a cool, ventilated place, protected from moisture and rat.