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How to improve the problem of fertilization of fruit trees
The amount of fertilization is not scientific. It is difficult to unify the local fertilization standards. Most fruit farmers only use their experience and reference materials to fertilize. It often causes excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, which makes it difficult for trees to grow into flowers. Some of them use excessive phosphate fertilizer to cause zinc deficiency symptoms. Some potassium fertilizers are too much, causing physiological symptoms such as calcium deficiency.
Improvement method: The original outdated fertilization standard should be discarded. The amount of organic fertilizer applied per mu should be measured by the side. Do not use kilograms or kilograms. The difference of organic fertilizers due to different types and wet and dry is not measured by weight. The amount of fertilizer used in mu should be determined according to the yield and quality. The nitrogen fertilizer should be less in the small-year tree. In the new year, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be balanced. According to the amount of various elements consumed per 50kg of fruit, the fluctuation of the elemental weight should be up and down according to the geological difference. ~30%. According to Liu Wanliang and other researches in Shandong Laiyang Fruit Tree Station, 2500kg of apples per mu need to be applied with organic fertilizers of 3 to 5 square meters. For every 100kg of apples produced, 1.5kg of nitrogen, 0.8kg of phosphorus and 1.25kg of potassium are needed, which translates into fertilizer equivalent to 3.26kg of urea. 5 kg of 16% superphosphate, 2.5 kg of potassium sulfate. According to Jia Jingxian of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, for every 2,500 kg of pears, 3 parts of organic fertilizer is needed, 12 to 13 kg of nitrogen per acre (26 to 28 kg of urea), 8 kg of phosphorus (compared to 16 kg of superphosphate 50 kg), and 10 kg of potassium. (Apparently potassium sulphate 20kg). According to Feng Mingxiang of Shandong Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Shandong Province, on the basis of the organic fertilizer of 3 square meters of peach high-yield garden, it is necessary to apply urea 38~43.5kg, 16% superphosphate 75-95kg and potassium sulfate 55.6kg.
Fertilizers with irrational fruit trees require a variety of elements, of which NPK is the most important. The ratio of the three elements of apple, pear, NPK is 1:0.5:1, and the peach is 10:3~4:13-16. Many fruit farmers in production only pay attention to the application of nitrogen and phosphorus, neglecting the application of potassium and trace elements, which makes the quality of fruit difficult to improve, and the phenomenon of large and small years is serious.
Improvement method: On the basis of the application of sufficient amount of organic fertilizer, the three elements should be applied in a reasonable and scientific manner. If there are symptoms of deficiency, it must be combined with the application of organic fertilizer to supplement trace elements or external application. Conditional fertilization can be carried out on soil testing.
Under the fertilization period, many fruit farmers do not pay attention to the autumn application of base fertilizer, and they do not pay much attention to the staged fertilization, which directly affects the quality and yield of fruit.
Improvement method: the advantages of autumn application base fertilizer: First, the fruit tree can absorb the fertilizer applied in the reserve during the peak growth period of autumn roots. The second is the autumn base fertilizer, the root of the wound can heal in time, and the impact on the tree potential is small. In the spring, the base fertilizer is the opposite. The applied fertilizer can not be absorbed and utilized at the time, and when the roots are broken, it affects the tree potential and even affects the fruit set and flower bud differentiation. The significance of staged fertilization is also very important. One-time fertilization will inevitably result in waste of fertilizer and even fat damage. Generally speaking, during the fertilization period, it is necessary to pay attention to the basic fertilizer of autumn application. 60%-80% of the phosphate fertilizer should be applied in the form of base fertilizer, with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, 60% nitrogen fertilizer in spring, and the summer fruit expansion period and flower bud differentiation period. Appropriate amount of NPK, most of the potassium fertilizer should be applied 20 days before the fruit expansion period and fruit coloring.
Improper application of fertilization and watering In the production, many fruit farmers pay more attention to fertilization work, but often ignore the watering work. Although a lot of fertilization, due to soil drought, the fertilizer efficiency cannot be maximized, thus causing great fruit yield and quality. The extent of the impact.
Improvement method: timely watering after fertilization, and timely watering whenever the soil shows drought. In areas with water shortage, tree straw can be covered to maintain soil moisture and increase soil organic matter.
The influence of inferior fertilizers is a poor quality fertilizer, and the unfertilized organic fertilizer is also a poor quality fertilizer. The inferior chemical fertilizer content is obviously insufficient, or the substances contained are inconsistent with the labeling, and the solubility is poor. After the application, the tree performance is often weakened, and the effect of fertilization is not obtained. After the application of the unfertilized organic fertilizer, the fertilization site was cut and the root system was found to have burns.
Improvement method: The purchase of chemical fertilizer must go to the formal department, to find out whether the fertilizer is complete, whether there is a provincial or higher level test sheet, and remember to ask for a formal invoice. Organic fertilizer must be fermented before application.
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