Solar flow batteries use environmentally compatible water-based solvents, combined with redox flow batteries and dye-sensitized solar cell technologies, to produce more efficient power. When the solar flow battery is charged, the absorbed solar energy can be converted into chemical energy for storage. Compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries, solar-powered flow batteries are more cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and can save up to 20% in energy losses. Solar flow batteries provide stand-alone power generation and storage to ensure proper use of lights and appliances. Last year, Ohio State University researchers tested light-assisted rechargeable lithium-ion batteries; however, their use of organic (carbon-based) solvents would limit their compatibility with aqueous redox flow batteries. At present, R&D personnel research and develop solar cells using environmentally compatible solvents, which require lower applied voltage for battery charging. For solar flow batteries, the charging process involves collecting solar energy and storing it as chemical energy through the electrolyte. The aqueous electrolyte contacts the counter electrode of the battery and the dye-sensitized photoelectrode of the solar cell. When charging a battery, it is exposed to sunlight. Sunlight causes the dye molecules in the electrolyte to provide electrons to the photoelectrode, reducing the energy required to charge the battery. The solar cell's charging voltage is as low as 2.9 volts, and the traditional lithium-iodine voltage is 3.6 volts, which saves 20% of energy loss. Water solar flow batteries are more efficient, more cost-effective and more environmentally friendly than batteries using organic solutions. Water solar battery can solve the shortcomings of intermittent renewable energy, and ensure timely power supply. (Text/Tina translation)
Wire thread inserts are helically coiled fastening devices that provide permanent, wear-resistant screw threads that exceed the strength of most parent material; the inserts are designed to protect tapped holes against failures due to stripping, seizing, corrosion, and wear.
Threaded inserts are typically used when the object in which a threaded fastener is being installed is made of a soft material. For hard materials, a screw or bolt can be often driven into the object without the need for a threaded insert. A simple solution is to use a threaded insert.
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High-efficiency flow batteries will become a reality