Low-yield tea garden transformation and autumn and winter management techniques

Soil is the foundation of tea garden. Fertilizer is the grain of tea tree. Tea garden soil improvement and fertilization are important technical links for the transformation of low-yield tea gardens. It is also the basis for the transformation and replacement of tea tree canopies and the improvement of tea quality.

First, the whole park is deep turned, pumping and changing soil

The tea tree is a deep-rooted crop. The roots of the normal-growing tea tree can be extended to 1-2 meters. Therefore, the tea garden soil must have a deep soil structure. The effective soil layer should generally be no less than 80 cm, and the effective soil of the tea tree within 70 cm. The thickness of the layer is proportional, and the effective soil layer of the high-yield tea garden is generally more than 100 cm. However, there are many tea gardens in our area. Due to scouring and leaching, the effective soil layer is shallow, the bottom layer has a bonding layer, and there is no deep tillage before planting. The result is low yield. For the tea garden with thin soil, make full use of the autumn and winter leisure, deep-turning along the edge of the canopy between the rows of tea trees, the depth is 60-70 cm, the width is 60 cm, and the surface-matured soil is returned to the bottom of the ditch to achieve a comprehensive soil replacement. the goal of.

Second, strengthen the cultivation, improve fertility

The quality of tea trees depends not only on the level of various nutrients, but also on the balance between nutrients. According to relevant information, for every 50 kilograms of dry tea produced, an average of 2.25 kilograms of nitrogen, 0.6 kilograms of phosphorus, 1.25 kilograms of potassium and 1.16 kilograms of magnesium are brought from the tea tree. And the roots, leaves, flowers and fruits of tea trees also consume nutrients. Therefore, the amount actually absorbed from the soil is much higher than this value. In addition, excessive nitrogen will antagonize potassium and magnesium, affecting tea trees. The absorption of potassium and magnesium, the lack of trace elements, will affect the effect of a large number of elements, etc. The soil organic matter has a comprehensive nutrient content and strong buffering capacity, which plays a decisive role in balancing the mineral content of nutrients. The soil organic matter content is extremely high, The more balanced the nutrient balance is, the soil organic matter of high-yield tea gardens should not be less than 1.5%, the total nitrogen should not be less than 0.1%, and the effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be above 100, 10, 80ppm respectively. This is an important material basis for the high yield and quality of tea trees. Many tea gardens in the region have low soil organic matter, poor fertilizer retention performance, low buffering capacity for nutrient balance, and one-sided fertilization, which accelerates the deterioration of the balance between nutrients. As a result, the fertilization effect is low, resulting in low yield and low quality. This phenomenon is currently very common. Therefore, strengthening the management of the fattening of tea gardens and improving the soil fertility have reached a period of incompetence. In the winter when the model is changed, in order to highlight the application of organic fertilizer, it is necessary to apply 250-300 kg of cake fertilizer per acre, and apply 8,000-10,000 kg of fertilization (or 4,000 kg of fermented compost), and 30-50 kg of phosphorus. Potassium 15-25 kg, and mixed with other inorganic fertilizers or microbial fertilizers.

Third, strengthen tea tree pests and winter defense

In recent years, there are many kinds of pests and diseases in Yiling tea area, and the damage range is wide. Especially the disease has a large number of occurrences and expansion and spread, from high mountains to low mountains or from low altitude to high altitude. Strengthening winter defense of tea trees plays an important role in lowering the base of pests in the second year. The specific measures are as follows: Firstly, the tea garden is fully trimmed and arranged, the diseased branches and diseased branches and leaves are cut off, and the cut diseased leaves are taken out of the tea garden to be burned; the second is the tea garden full clearance garden disinfection tea garden 0.5-0.7 degrees after stop mining The stone sulphur mixture seals the garden, and the spraying should be thorough and thorough to ensure the quality and effect of disinfection.