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Fertilization technology of red grape
Red, also known as Red Earth, is a new high-quality grape variety bred by the University of California. Introduced in China in 1987, it was successfully introduced and cultivated in Liaoning, Shandong, Hebei, Xinjiang, and Shaanxi. Late-ripening varieties of red grape, resistant to storage and transportation, high yield, hard and crisp flesh, sweet but not sour, some varieties also have a special aromatic flavor, deeply loved by consumers in large and medium cities. Many red-growing growers have obtained good returns from the cultivation of red-lifting, but most of the farmers are managed according to the conventional fertilization management methods, resulting in a great gap between the quality of the products and the imported red.
1. Fertilization on the whole land: Similar to other grape varieties, the red extract also likes the soil with good permeability. Therefore, the soil should be fertile, deep sandy loam or loose soil. The pH is around 6.5-7.5, and there are good irrigation and drainage conditions. If the soil is too heavy or too sandy, consider increasing the amount of organic fertilizer applied to improve the soil structure. Before the middle, the average mu of organic fertilizer was 2000-3000 kg, and it was ploughed.
Second, the base fertilizer: base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, generally every 1-2 months combined with a simple expansion point deep, 60-80 cm deep, 30-40 cm wide, using interlaced or two-sided fertilization method. The base fertilizer is generally applied after harvesting the fruit until the soil is frozen. The application amount of the mu is about 1000-1500 kg. Proper early application is beneficial to the decomposition of organic fertilizer and the healing of root wounds. It restores the tree potential, improves the cold resistance and drought resistance, and lays a foundation for the root growth of the next stage and the growth of new flower buds.
Third, topdressing: mainly based on quick-acting fertilizer, in the vicinity of the root end according to the size of cooked 3 (5 years tree with a trunk of 40 cm or so) deep 50 cm, 20 cm wide ditch, buried fertilizer mixed soil into the ditch In the fruit-bearing period, the vine can be topdressed before germination, before flowering, during fruit expansion, during the coloring period and after harvesting. Before and after the emergence from the spring to the germination, the first top dressing was carried out with nitrogen and potassium as the main fertilizer, which was combined with a small amount of phosphate fertilizer, which was called germination fertilizer. It promoted the germination of the young shoots, and the inflorescence continued to differentiate and accelerate the growth of the branches and leaves. About seven days, the second top dressing, mainly nitrogen and potassium, is called flowering fertilizer to ensure normal flowering, pollination, fertilization and inflorescence differentiation. In addition, during this period, 0.3% borax can be sprayed according to the situation to increase the fruit setting rate. In the berry growth period, that is, when the berry grows to the size of the soybean, in order to promote fruit enlargement, enhance leaf photosynthesis and promote shoot growth. To improve the yield and quality, the third top dressing can be carried out, with nitrogen and potassium fertilizer as the main, that is, fruit fertilizer. After the fruit is colored, a certain amount of potassium fertilizer can be applied as needed to improve the color of the fruit and increase the rate of the product. From the post-harvest to the first frost at the end of October, it is the important stage of the grape branches mature, restore the tree potential, and accumulate nutrients for the next year. In order to supplement the nutrient consumption of the grapes, the fourth top dressing should be carried out, with nitrogen and potassium as the main. This time, the pursuit can be combined with organic fertilizer, which can save labor and improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization.
Foliar topdressing is a fast and effective fertilization method often used in agricultural production. This method can quickly restore the tree potential, correct the symptoms of lighter deficiency, and supplement the iron, boron and zinc that are often lacking in grape growth. And other trace elements. The specific method is to dissolve the fertilizer in water, according to a certain concentration (nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients of about three thousandths is appropriate), evenly sprayed on the grape leaf surface, the foliar topdressing is best carried out in the morning to ensure the fertilizer in The leaves have sufficient effective wetting time.
4. Number of top dressing: The number and frequency of specific top dressing should be determined according to the soil fertility status, the growth of the vine and the yield target. For example, if the new carp grows moderately and the leaves are dark green, the nutrients in the soil are relatively well balanced. If the new crops in the early stage are too prosperous and have a long-term phenomenon, it is necessary to properly control the use of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizers and irrigation. On the contrary, the new ones are weak, the leaves are yellowish, or they show obvious deficiency characteristics, indicating that the soil lacks nutrients. Considering the combination of diligent application, less application and foliar application, the fertilizer efficiency can be exerted. In addition, fertilization using a drip irrigation system is also an effective method of fertilizing on sandy soil.
Based on the output of 1,333 kilograms per mu, the nutrients removed from the soil in each year are 11.3 kg of nitrogen, 4 kg of phosphorus pentafluoride, 14.7 kg of potassium oxide, and 4 kg of magnesium oxide. Therefore, for red, potassium fertilizer The input should be greater than the input of nitrogen fertilizer. If you want to obtain better yield and quality, you should emphasize the application of forest and potassium fertilizer.
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