How much do you know about safety devices in chemical production?

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Because of the high risk of pressure vessels and materials in its production, petrochemicals have installed many safety devices in the design and construction of petrochemical plants to prevent or reduce accidents. The main safety devices are:

1, bypass pipe (valve)

In the automation equipment of petrochemical industry, there are bypass channels on the feeding and discharging pipes. The main function of setting the bypass pipes is to meet the needs of centralized control operations; the second is to meet the safety requirements to the utmost; The need for production. The bypass pipe is usually disposed at the upper part of the automatic regulating valve, and is in a normally closed state when the automatic regulating valve of the instrument is in normal use during the operation of the device. When the automatic regulating valve fails or is overhauled, the service valves on both sides are closed, and the bypass valve is opened to continuously produce. When the equipment fails to react out of control, it can also pass the bypass pipe valve to guide the flow and control the situation and reduce the risk. Judging whether the bypass valve is switched depends on the length of the stem screw, that is, the length of the screw is open, and the short screw is closed. The valve is switched on and off counterclockwise. The shape speed is determined by factors such as the diameter of the pipe and the flow rate. Usually, the pipe diameter is coarse, the flow velocity is fast, the switching speed is slow, and the instantaneous high pressure is prevented. Completely breaking the material requires closing both the main and bypass valves.

2, emergency shut-off valve

The emergency shut-off valve is an important safety device in the automatic production device. In the case of abnormal production or accident, the device control room can directly cut off the feed valve by remote control. The emergency shut-off valve is generally placed on the feeding pipe of the more dangerous device, and the service valve is arranged on both sides.

3, safety valve, venting tube, recycling tube, torch

These safety accessories are important safety accessories in the pressure device. When the pressure in the reaction or the device exceeds a certain value, the safety valve will open the pressure relief or venting by itself. Safety valves are usually provided. In order to ensure that the venting material is fitted with a venting and a recovery pipe, the venting material is recycled to the material tank (tank) for storage or venting to the flare for incineration. However, some enterprises with poor production technology or poor production conditions do not have a recycling pipe, and they are directly emptied in the event of an accident. Failure to recycle venting materials (spraying) can result in a burning explosion or an expansion of an accident. The direct air defense pipeline should be equipped with a flame arrester. The operating pressure of the safety valve is adjusted according to the requirements of the device.

4, explosion-proof membrane (bursting disc)

The metal foil placed on the pressure relief hole of the pressure device is called an explosion-proof membrane, also called a rupture disc. When the pressure of the device exceeds a certain value, the metal foil is broken and reaches the purpose of the pressure relief device. Since a large amount of material (spraying) occurs after the fireproof membrane is blasted, it poses a greater danger to the device. Therefore, a venting recovery pipe is generally installed on the blasting membrane, and the material rushed out after the explosion blasting is blasted to the tank (tank) or emptied to the flare for burning. However, some devices with poor production conditions do not have a venting recovery tube. Some devices are equipped with double-layer explosion-proof membranes, and a data acquisition device is installed between the explosion-proof membranes to increase the safety of the reaction.

5, data data collection device

In order to control process parameters, improve the quality and efficiency of petrochemical production, and also for production safety, general petrochemical production equipment is equipped with data acquisition and sampling devices for temperature, pressure, materials (products), etc. in different parts of the plant. The control personnel provide the first line of real data, and the data acquisition device fails, which will pose a great threat to production safety.

6, nitrogen, steam purge system

Most petrochemical plants are equipped with nitrogen and steam purging systems. The pipe network of these systems is closely connected to the plant. When the production process requires it, the nitrogen or steam system can be opened automatically or manually to serve the production process. When the equipment is repaired, it can be The device is purged and replaced to provide safety for repair; when the device malfunctions or accidents, the pipeline can be purged, the gasification can be accelerated, the flow rate can be increased, material deposition and blockage can be prevented, the material can be diluted, the concentration can be lowered, the reaction can be slowed down or Pressurized protective materials can also be used as a diluent and fire extinguishing agent for disposal of leaks and fire accidents.

7. Alarm device and fire extinguishing device

The alarms generated in the control room when the process parameters such as temperature, pressure and flow rate are abnormal, the combustible gas, the toxic gas concentration detection and alarm device installed in the production device and nearby are all important safety devices in petrochemical production. In order to ensure rapid and effective disposal after the accident, many chemical plants have installed water sprinkler systems, foam sprinkler systems, high-pressure fire hydrant systems and fixed fire-fighting gun cooling and fire-fighting systems. These fire-fighting facilities will play an important role in controlling the situation under certain conditions. The role of development.

8, pipeline identification

Petrochemical production pipelines are criss-crossed and intricate. In order to facilitate management, the basic markings of pipelines are specified in the industry, which is not only convenient for production workers, but also conducive to fire-fighting operations. Under normal circumstances, the corrosive material pipeline is made of stainless steel as the material, without coloring; the circulating water pipeline is painted with green color; the acid (alkali) liquid pipeline is coated with powder; the nitrogen purge pipeline is painted with yellowish; the venting pipeline (emergency discharge) The pipeline is painted yellow; the fire water supply and fire extinguishing agent transfer pipeline are painted red; the water vapor pipeline is provided with insulation layer outsourcing tinplate; the main material pipeline is not painted.

(Source: Chemical 707)

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Specifications:

Product description:

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