【Hills from Other Hills】Look at US Fire Safety Concept

Fire has always been a difficult problem for developing countries. How can we effectively avoid or reduce the massacre caused by fire ? The United States discovered through investigation that the fire protection conditions of residential buildings are different, and the number of deceased people in fires is also different. This has a direct bearing on the gap between the rich and the poor in the United States. In areas where life is getting richer, the better the fire protection conditions in residential buildings, the less fires there are, the fewer casualties are in the fire, and the poorer the life, the worse the fire protection conditions in the houses, the more fires there are, and the more people are killed or injured in the fire.

Fire-retardant building materials and furniture have greatly reduced the risk

US fire experts believe that the key to reducing the casualties in fires is to reduce the number of fires that can easily lead to group deaths and injuries. In response to this, the U.S. government has adopted a multi-faceted firefighting strategy: through legislation, vigorously develop flame-retardant building materials; in urban construction, vigorously promote flame-retardant building materials; improve the fire resistance rating of buildings, standardize them, and reduce the number of fire factors. Wait. Americans engage in renovations and never use flammable building materials. They do not do this kind of thing to spend money to buy hidden troubles. Every time they are renovated, they must increase the fire protection function of the building to a level. From the White House in the United States to ordinary apartments, refurbishment with flammable materials is prohibited. Interior furnishings, including sofas, beds, curtains, and rugs, must also be flame-retardant.

A fire chief in Los Angeles, USA, cautioned the public: “A sofa set with a flammable foam sponge is placed at home. It is like placing a potential gas bomb because the smoke it produces in the event of a fire breaks down. Poison gas is enough to poison the owner."

An American guest traveled to China and lived in a four-star hotel. He secretly cut a string of curtains and carpets from the room with a fruit knife, ignited it with a lighter, and tested its burning properties. To his surprise, this bunch of wire actually burned. He said that this is not allowed in the United States. He did not dare to live in such a restaurant for a long time and retired the next day.

U.S. law stipulates that bed and clothing for the elderly and children must be flame-retardant; bedding, clothing, and furniture in nursing homes and kindergartens must also be flame-retardant. Because the elderly and children are vulnerable to disaster prevention, they should be given extra care.

Safety education in edutainment

In the United States, the damage caused by children playing with fire is very serious every year. Therefore, the fire department also attaches great importance to the children's fire education. They picked up from the dolls and used multimedia to promote them. When the children learned one thing, they taught them about safety knowledge. When a 6 -year-old boy sees a lighter, he will seriously warn him not to "play with fire and burn himself". Firefighters also often converted the abandoned houses in the suburbs into ordinary houses. Then the children were summoned. Then the house was lit with fire, it was burned, and video was recorded. The children saw that a well-ended house passed fire. What a pity it was to turn into a pile of rubble, so that they realized the danger of playing with fire.

In addition, the United States has recently designed a game for junior students to play. The two sides of the game have special cards in their hands, and some fire fighting knowledge is printed on them so that children can understand the basic fire fighting rules even when they are playing. In addition, the firefighters also extensively carried out fire prevention propaganda to residents, provided information on fire cases, instructed the public to conduct fire prevention training, evacuation drills, and improve the people's awareness of fire prevention and escape evacuation capabilities. The Americans do not advocate foreigners in the United States and the elderly and children in the country to "courage in firefighting activities." They only ask these people to arouse their neighbors and call the police when they encounter a fire, and then evacuate their lives. At the same time, the fire protection function of residential buildings will be strengthened, and efforts will be made to improve the fire protection conditions in the squatter huts and to reduce the possibility of fire burning.

It is not allowed to use factories and enterprises as homes

Workers in U.S. companies are generally very cautious. Owners can only allow workers to work in the company, and must go home after work. Absolutely no “work for the factory” is allowed. This is because under normal circumstances, no matter what the company has, there is a certain degree of fire risk. Workers staying in the factory area have relatively increased fire risk. If a fire breaks out and the worker is dead or injured, the owner will be responsible for the compensation for the injury or death. If a 20 -year-old worker dies in a factory, the industry mainly compensates for his total compensation from the age of 20 to 60 years old, usually spending millions of dollars in compensation.

The number of deaths from non-residential construction fires in the United States in 2002 was 140 , which accounted for 2 . 8 %. It can be seen that the United States industries and enterprises attach great importance to fire prevention, and such fires are less frequent, the mortality rate is low, and there is also less fire caused by group deaths and injuries.

Popularize high-tech equipment and facilities

Continuous improvement of firefighters’ fire-fighting equipment is also a measure to reduce deaths and injuries . Firefighters must wear gas masks, and some must wear high-temperature radiation, to fight high-rise building fires, underground building fires, and petrochemical plant fires. Fire suits to enhance the firefighter's self-protection function. The Americans believe that it is not a scientific attitude to fight the evil spirits with the flesh and blood.

In addition, the United States also vigorously develops high-level fire-fighting advantages and increases the lifting capacity and long-range capability of fire engines. Because of the large-scale development of high-rise buildings, it is inevitably dependent on the development of fire fighting teams that are good at fighting high-rise buildings and the corresponding development of high fire fighting equipment. High-lift fire pumps and long-range fire spray guns are also essential. Some petrochemical fires, inflammable and explosive materials fires are not suitable for fire extinguishing at close range, and corresponding fire extinguishing tools are required. Therefore, it can be said that the improvement of the fire-fighting equipment of the American firefighters is also an important measure to reduce the number of group-death and group-injury fires.

The United States has popularized the automatic fire alarm system and the fire automatic fire extinguishing system in residential buildings, public places where people gather, and high-rise civil buildings, so that in the event of a fire, people's vigilance can be awakened in a timely manner. Escape evacuation as soon as possible and save fire in time. At present, a considerable number of residential buildings in the United States have installed automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing devices. Such devices not only have good fire extinguishing effects, but also have relatively low costs.

Flexible and comprehensive fire protection system

In the United States, a state usually has more than 30 full-time fire brigades. There are hundreds of non-full-time volunteer fire brigades attached to these 30 fire brigades. In addition, major and medium-sized companies have their own firefighters. Full-time firefighters are professionalized. The minimum age for recruitment is 29 years old. The minimum age requirement for grass-roots fire brigade leaders is 30 years old, and they must go through professional training in colleges and universities, have a university degree, and must be trained in fire-fighting professional business. Volunteer firefighters are men and women, free from age restrictions and willing to participate when necessary. They also did not sign any contract with the relevant department, and they only participated in the obligation and did not count the remuneration. Now some states of the city, no matter what kind of organization belongs to, there are some volunteer fire department (station), they have focused on fire-fighting equipment, vehicles and communications systems, their players are living in the region Green; l In the Lunar New Year, they have their own profession. When a fire occurs in the region, even if they are at work, they can be recalled to the fire brigade for fighting.

A full-time fire brigade is accompanied by an emergency team to ensure that those trapped in the fire can be rescued in time and relatively reduce casualties. This is the so-called rescue and rescue system.

In addition, fire-fighting training centers have been set up in major cities in the United States with complete internal equipment, such as tower training, high-rise life-saving training facilities, smoke test rooms, physical storage tanks for dangerous goods, and water rescue training pools. Training site. This kind of training center is combined with fire protection. It not only trains fire chiefs and team members, but also faces the society, and is aimed at factories, schools, and citizens. It aims to improve American disaster prevention and disaster prevention awareness. It can be seen that the U.S. government attaches great importance to firefighting training and investment.

Meticulous considerations

The United States has implemented a smoking ban in civil aviation, subways, railways and automobile passenger transportation to support the public's ban on smoking. Large and medium-sized passenger cars have the number of passengers that are on the list and overcrowding is illegal. Large passenger buses are provided with the Taiping Gate. Once the passenger train catches fire, the Taiping Gate opens, which allows the evacuation of passengers to be carried out safely to reduce casualties. Every car must have a fire extinguisher.

In the private sector, the U.S. Fire Department recommends that domestic families should understand the dangers of chemicals used in households and store them in strict accordance with the label instructions; read the instructions carefully before using a new product to avoid inhalation. Gas, and do not use certain products in tightly confined spaces: Some products should be worn with gloves and goggles when in use to avoid chemical harm to the body: Dispose of the chemical in accordance with the instructions correctly and dispose of chemicals. Items should be purchased as needed, because storing them will increase the probability of fire accidents; when using household chemicals, do not smoke, try to avoid having open flames on lights, lighted candles, fireplaces, wood-fired stoves, etc. Local use of hairsprays, detergents, paint products or insecticides. Although you may not see or smell any abnormalities, some steam will burn or even explode in the air; there is an ABC at home or in the car. Fire extinguisher, you can go to the local fire brigade to receive relevant training and master the correct method of use In this case, if the chemicals burning fire, you can spread it before the proliferation of Fight, to avoid further losses ⋯ ⋯

In addition, the United States' fire-fighting unit has to print many exquisite publicity posters each year, which include fire prevention and forest fire prevention in high buildings. It is also necessary to make many publicity posters featuring the contents of firefighters' work, heroic disaster relief, normal training and firefighters' physique, or fire-fighting videos. These contribute greatly to improving the disaster prevention capabilities of American citizens. Of course, disaster prevention publicity is not only for firefighting professional agencies, but also for the media of the whole society. The former home of a female writer in Los Angeles City had a fire within hours. The whole country and even the world know this news. And when you live in a U.S. restaurant, the first thing the store gives you is "Fire Prevention in Housing."

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.