Chlorine leakage emergency technology

1 Research direction

The definition of the fortification of accidental chlorine leakage should be divided into two categories:

Accidents of accidental chlorine leakage: chlorine in containers, equipment, and process piping leaks into the atmosphere. Monitoring, monitoring, and accidental chlorine gas leaking and disposal devices should be designed to prevent accidental chlorine emissions from accidents and reduce the hazards of accidental chlorine gas to the environment.

Accident prevention of chlorine hazards in accidents: To prevent hazards of accidental chlorine gas to site personnel, gas prevention stations should be designed ( hazard avoidance function ) to provide on-site emergency rescue professional protection and reduce personnel injuries.

1 • 1 integrity of the security technology

1 • 1 • 1 Chlorine leak protection form

Pressurization system.

When chlorine gas leaks, the chlorine in the system cannot be suppressed or shut down. When the chlorine gas is directed to the accidental chlorine absorption tower ( alkali liquid absorption harmless treatment ) , the operating system of chlorine gas leakage from the positive pressure system should be designed; the safety valve is released. When chlorine gas is released from the safety valve of the liquid chlorine tank ( tanker ) , the chlorine gas is led to the accidental chlorine absorption tower. The chlorine discharge pipe system shall be designed on site; when the liquid chlorine tanker ( mobile pressure vessel ) is connected, the chlorine gas leaks and starts. Spray equipment ( water curtain wall or water cannon ) installed around the tanker shall be used to remove and disperse the chlorine gas in the air to the greatest extent ( discharge of water directly to the leakage point or the tank body is prohibited ) , and the diffusion of chlorine gas shall be suppressed or slowed down. The water supply shall be designed ( Add lye ) system.

Liquid chlorine cylinders.

When the chlorine gas leaks, when accidents cannot be blocked, the accidental gas cylinders should be used to treat the closed rooms ( accident pools are not recommended ) , and the chlorine gas should be led to the accidental chlorine absorption tower. The cylinder accident closed rooms ( negative pressure system ) should be designed ; liquid chlorine ( chlorine ) Use the workshop ( open, semi-open ) . Spray equipment ( water curtain wall ) is installed around the site to disinfect chlorine gas accidentally in the air, and a water supply ( alkali solution ) system should be designed ;

Closed plant. When the chlorine in the liquid chlorine storage tank ( tank truck ) , equipment or pipeline leaks, the interlocking start of the accidental chlorine lead system, the chlorine released from the room leads to the accidental chlorine absorption tower, and an automatic control system should be designed; any leakage point. When a small amount of chlorine gas leaks, it should be trapped using a moving ( hose ) suction hood. The chlorine gas is led to the accidental chlorine absorption tower ( or Venturi absorption ) . A negative pressure system should be designed.

Plugging tools .

Chlorine-related enterprises shall design special plugging special tools according to the use of chlorine gas. Special plugging tools and equipment cabinets shall be set up. The equipment cabinets shall be installed in safe places or air defense rooms; chlorine gas leak detection and alarming devices: used to detect toxic and harmful substances in the air. Chlorine equipment ( including detectors, alarms, detection alarms ) ;

Any other effective form of leak protection:

1 • 2 Forms of Chlorine Hazard Prevention

1 • 2 • 1 Individual Protection Measures Standard Application

Individual protection measures refer to the protection methods and measures taken to protect workers from chemical hazards in the production, handling, handling and use of liquid chlorine ( chlorine gas ) operations. It mainly includes engineering respiratory protection, eye protection, hands, feet and full body protection.

Class A protection: Exposure to unknown compounds, unknown concentrations, and concentrations of harmful substances can lead to immediate threats to life and health (IDLH) concentrations, anoxic environments, and a large number of liquid poisons that can spill and infiltrate extremely dangerous environments.

Class B protection: Known gaseous chemical species, unknown concentration, or IDLH concentration, but no need for airtight protection; lack of oxygen.

Class C protection: Known types and concentrations of toxicants, non- IDLH concentrations, no oxygen deficiency, no need for airtight skin protection, suitable filtration methods, and establishment of timetables for regular replacement of canisters. Although some standards ( approved for approval ) that have been formulated in China have not been approved for implementation, they have reference value and the corresponding chlorine protection measures should be used in Classes 7 , 8 and 9 .

1 • 2 • 2 Air Defense Station Standard Application Study

This standard is applicable to large- and medium-sized enterprises such as chemical fertilizers, chlor-alkali, soda ash, sulfuric acid, and organic synthesis that produce and use toxic and harmful gases in large quantities. Other chemical companies may, as required, refer to this standard alone or jointly to set up a gas defense station. Small-scale chemical fertilizers, chlor-alkali, soda ash, sulfuric acid and organic synthesis companies may set up ambulance rooms according to the requirements of this standard.

The study is:

Enterprises that constitute a major source of liquid chlorine hazards must establish a gas defense station separately or in combination (a 5- minute route reach of emergency vehicles ) ; a gas prevention room should be set up for each major source of liquid chlorine hazard; given the definition of “gas prevention station” in the standard This study supplements the definition and technical requirements of the chlorine gas prevention room:

The air defense room, which is set up within 15 meters of the work site , is mainly used for on-site operations personnel emergency avoidance and safety implementation on-site emergency disposal; the air defense room can be closed and maintain positive air pressure under positive conditions ( positive pressure room and excessive room setting Isolation door ) ;

The emergency equipment cabinet is set in the positive pressure room to ensure that the on-site personnel can safely obtain and complete the individual protection;

The air defense room is set up on each side of the dominant wind direction of major hazards or set on each side ( preventing different wind direction ) ;

The pressurized gas source shall be located at a high place in the safe area, and there shall be a backup gas supply pipeline or an indoor compressed air cabinet ( tank, gas cylinder group ) , and at least ensure continuous and safe gas supply for more than one hour;

The air defense room is equipped with mobile communication equipment and mobile ( cable ) TV monitoring probes. Emergency personnel can be moved and temporarily fixed at the leak location to provide real-time observation information of leakage points and provide technical support for the enterprise or government emergency platform system;

The air defense room is equipped with uninterrupted emergency power supply ( lighting ) , clean water, and necessary emergency medicines to provide emergency personnel self-rescue and temporary rescue ( transshipment ) for poisoned personnel .

2 Application and Research

2 • 1 Chlorine Leakage Application

2 • 1 • 1 Liquid Chlorine Industry

After the implementation of GB11984 - 2008 « Crystal Safety Regulations » and AQ3014 - 2008 « Safety Requirements for the Use of Liquid Chlorine » , it has played a certain role in regulating the safety production of chlorine-related companies such as the production and use of chlorine. At the same time, some enterprises have learned and learned from domestic and foreign advanced technologies, and further improved chlorine safety facilities and emergency technologies. They have also adopted new requirements for the implementation of the above standards. However, since the implementation of the above two standards, some design units, safety evaluation agencies, and government regulatory agencies have been limited to meeting standards and satisfying basic requirements. They have not paid enough attention to the development of modern safety technologies in the chlor-alkali industry; basic requirements and standards for the above standards The lack of understanding of the items that are not clearly defined, especially the low-standard, low-requirement technical design, will have an adverse effect on improving the intrinsic safety level of chemical production facilities and hazardous chemical storage facilities, and will have an adverse impact on emergency rescue work.

To this end, the author participated in the drafting << chlorine guidance on safety and emergency technology >>, the implementation of a chlorine leak fortification work in the industry. About the specific implementation guidance of the liquid chlorine filling safety facility in the « Regulations for the Loading of Portable Pressure Vessels » (TSGR4002 - 2011) , in the Annex A « Entirement Licensing Resource Conditions » :

A3 • 1 Basic requirements: " (15) With toxic media, leaky media handling devices should be provided. For example, liquid chlorine filling units should be equipped with alkaline spray devices." However, the specification clauses do not have explicit design rules, and some companies misunderstand the standards. The clauses lead to opposite effects and are not conducive to the construction of fortification facilities and emergency rescue work. Authors participated in the drafting << chlorine additional guidance on safety and emergency technology >>, correcting some businesses, the wrong practice construction project design.

2 • 2 Liquid Chlorine Leakage for Long-Distance Pipelines

2 • 2 • 1 Compliance

(1) shall comply with the State Administration of Work Safety Order No. 43 << pipeline safety regulations Hazardous Chemicals >>: ban chlorine and other highly toxic chemicals, gas pipeline through (across) the more public areas (this provision is referred to in public areas The plant area includes chemical parks and areas outside industrial parks ) .

(2) In the event of a safety accident in the production of hazardous chemical pipelines, the pipeline unit shall immediately initiate an emergency plan and response procedures, take effective measures for emergency disposal, and eliminate or mitigate the hazards of the accident.

(3) In some chemical parks, it is really necessary to use pipeline chlorine technology. For example, there are several pipelines in a chemical industry park ( 10KM in total ).