The main reason for the leakage of external walls

The seepage of water from the external walls is a very distressing thing. Now that there are more households leaking external walls and leaking indoor water, they are helpless in the face of external wall leakage problems. I do not know what to do with them. The leakage of external walls means that In the process of house construction, water seepage is caused by the external walls of the house for some reason, and once the external wall of the house appears water seepage, it is difficult to find the source of water seepage. This is because of the structure of the house building, the practice of the external wall, the construction process, etc. The reasons for seepage are different from each other. So what do you know about the treatment of seepage in external walls in your life?

First, the main reason for the leakage of external walls

(a) design factors

Waterproofing is an important quality project in housing construction. In practice, based on the differences in the performance of waterproof materials and the differences in climate between the North and the South of China, the waterproof design of houses has a certain degree of complexity. Once there is a problem with the waterproof design of the project, it will directly cause the leakage of the outer walls of the houses.

(b) Material factors

The new types of wall materials used in modern house construction basically have the characteristics of large porosity, strong water absorption and poor anti-permeability. Therefore, in the process of masonry, the mortar joints, especially the cement mortars in the vertical joints, are generally difficult to achieve the effect of fullness and compaction. The connection between the wall and the reinforced concrete beams and between the frame and the wall is difficult to achieve. Location, often due to differences in the performance of materials and the formation of cracks, resulting in leakage of the wall.

(III) Construction Factors

From the aspect of construction, due to the construction process and construction technology, there are relatively many problems in the leakage of the external wall of the house building:

First, the outer wall columns of the frame structure are not connected with the joints, the tie bars are not embedded, and the tie bars are not firmly set, or the spacing, length, and number of puller bars do not meet the standard requirements. The difference in the temperature expansion coefficient is different. Relatively large, it will cause cracking of the connection location, the formation of multiple areas of leakage;

Secondly, in the construction process of the house building wall, the mortar for the screeding layer and the plastering layer is not configured in accordance with the standard design, resulting in a change in the strength of the mortar, resulting in the leakage of the wall surface due to the occurrence of dry shrinkage cracking problems;

Third, during the construction process, there is a problem of insufficient adhesion between the outer wall brick and the underlying mortar, which in turn causes the occurrence of empty drum damage. The cracking of the facing brick is not dense enough, and the problem of trachoma or cracks appears. , cause wall seepage;

Fourth, the construction of the windows of the house, such as the slope of the window sill, drip flumes, and olecranon, etc., is not handled well. It is easy to cause wall leakage due to rainwater infiltration.

Fifth, in the process of building construction, all kinds of pipelines that pass through the external walls and the sealing of different pre-holes are not handled properly, which can also cause leakage of the building's wall.

In short, there are many factors that cause the leakage of external walls of China's housing construction projects. It is necessary to ensure the overall quality of China's housing construction, to avoid the leakage of external walls, and to strengthen the research on the method of water treatment of external walls of housing projects. necessary.

Second, the prevention of external wall leakage during construction

1, for the clogging of scaffolding, a more effective approach is: first use water to wash debris in the eye of the scaffold, and then use 1:2 cement mortar half a brick to scaffolding inside the eye, the lime seam to be full, available thin steel plate Compact, then use C30 fine stone concrete to fill the outside of the scaffold eye, in-depth wall to the outer wall 10mm, concrete should be mixed with 5% to 8% of the amount of water repellent or micro-regulator modulation, etc., after drying, with 1: 2 Smooth and calendered cement mortar and wall. Although this process has many processes, it has a significant prevention and control effect in preventing the seepage of external walls.

2. The degree of fullness of masonry mortar in the “Specifications” stipulates that “the fullness of the horizontal mortar joints of hollow brick masonry shall not be less than 80%, and the vertical mortar joints shall be filled with mortar, and no transparent seams, quilted seams and false seams shall occur”. The consistency of masonry mortar should be based on the correct choice of hollow masonry, the mixing ratio should be calculated and trial adjustment; using the "three one" method of masonry, "dry brick on the wall" is strictly prohibited, brick masonry should be wet before.

3. In the joint of each layer of reinforced concrete ring beam and masonry, add a wall outside the mouth of 15m, the wall inside the mouth of 30mm, the center of the wall was the mouth of the mortar layer, the mortar mix ratio of 1:3, mixed with 3 % of water repellent, then cast concrete ring beams. The specific construction method is: After the masonry is masonry to the top, watering is required, then the impervious mortar layer is laid and the surface is pressed along with the paving. After curing for 24 hours at room temperature, the impervious mortar layer reaches a certain strength. Carry on the next process of rebar tying and molding operation. After treatment, it can effectively prevent water from leaking from high to low along the wall. If leakage occurs, leakage will only occur at this layer.

Third, the external wall leakage treatment

For the external walls of buildings that have already leaked, there are three main approaches to deal with them:

1. All exterior walls are re-waterproofed.

The advantage of this approach is that it can completely solve the problem of leakage, but it is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the capital investment is too large to be achieved in practice.

2. Focus on the leakage area

The method of hole opening and grouting is adopted for the local leakage treatment. However, due to the treatment of the structure, it is often difficult to obtain the cooperation of the households and misunderstandings are likely to occur, which makes it more difficult to handle. And it can only cure the table, and cannot fundamentally solve the problem. Often, after dealing with a leak, the water may leak from another weak spot.

3, the use of organic polymer waterproof material overall treatment of the external walls.

At present, these products are mainly organic-based penetrating water repellents on the market, and the requirements for the grass-roots are not high. After clearing the grass-roots, the holes, gaps, and crevices on the walls are filled with the crack-repairing agent to mix cement. Then use a sprayer to spray the waterproofing agent directly on the outer wall surface. The waterproof agent can penetrate into the cement base layer and reach more than 1cm. It reacts with the free calcium oxide in the cement and the tetracalcium alumino-aluminate to form calcium insoluble calcium salt, silicic acid. Aluminum salt and aluminum hydroxide floc, to plug the cement-based capillary pores to form a permanent waterproof layer that is both breathable and hydrophobic. The rain falls on the lotus leaf without leaving any traces of water. The wall will always be In a dry state, to achieve the purpose of waterproofing. This treatment method is simple, easy, low-cost and has a good treatment effect.

Editor's summary: The relevant information on the main reasons for the leakage of external walls and the treatment methods for external wall seepage are introduced here. I hope this article will be helpful to everyone. If you still have something you don't understand, you can leave a message to Xiaobian at the bottom. We will answer your questions as soon as possible.

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