【The Stone of Other Hills】Special Forces in Japanese Firefighting

With the expansion of the Japanese firefighting business, on the basis of the fire brigade that originally assumed the task of extinguishing fires, three special fire brigades were formed for the aviation team, the rescue team, and the emergency rescue team. Together with the full-time fire-fighting fire brigade, these three freshmen teams built a wall of iron and steel for the safety and security of the people of Japan.

Fire Air Force

Since 1966, November (1966) Tokyo Fire Department fire since created its first Air Force, Air Force Fire Japan has gone through 36 years of development.

At present, in addition to the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, 14 fire department halls including Yokohama City, Kawasaki City, Chiba City, Osaka Prefecture, Kobe City, and Kyoto Prefecture also set up a firefighting aviation team and equipped a total of 27 firefighting helicopters . The Japanese Fire Fighting Team is mainly responsible for air disaster relief accidents, disaster site intelligence gathering, forest firefighting, and long-distance transportation of patients. All along, the team has played a very important role in various emergency rescue activities with its fast, effective, and safe features.

Tokyo Fire Department currently has two fire air base in Tokyo Tachikawa City, Tokyo and Koto aviation center, equipped with a total French production of large and medium-sized helicopter fire each three. Each fire-fighting helicopter is equipped with a high-standard electronic navigation system, sea and land rescue and emergency equipment, equipped with suction-type and bucket fire-fighting water tanks. However, in order to prevent cable breaks in bucket type fire fighting water tanks, the relevant Japanese laws and regulations recently prohibit the use of bucket fire fighting water tanks for long-distance water-fighting. Therefore, at present, fire-fighting helicopters in Japan have all used suction-type fire fighting tanks. This type of water tank is characterized by vertical discharge of water and can also use a fixed retractable water gun for horizontal firefighting.

At present, the task of the Tokyo Fire Department aviation team is very heavy, and the utilization rate of the fire helicopter is also quite high. The 1997 to the 2001 (in 1997-2001) five years, the Tokyo Fire Department Air Force carried out a total fire suppression, rescue, emergency, warning, and other activities 32, 342 times. Among them, also took part in the 1997 (1997) March Gunma Prefecture in the City of wildfires and Yamanashi wins marsh-cho forest fire extinguishing, Heisei 1O years (1998) Olympic Games Rescue in February and winter, the 2000 ( 2000) Miyakejima volcano and a new island, God Tsushima offshore earthquake rescue seven domestic support activities; the 1997 (199 Perak) after October, forest fires in Indonesia occurred, also launched a foreign fire emergency rescue operations. In addition, the Tokyo Fire Department's Air Force flight safety as T also very good. Since the team Baicheng Li to Heisei 14 (2002) ended June 28, has safely flown more than 50,000 hours, equivalent to the distance around the Earth flying 270 laps.

Showa 55 years (1980) in April, the first aircraft firefighting helicopter Yokohama City Fire Department purchased entered service since the airport has not been completed, 2 years has been renting the Tokyo Fire Department's Air Force airport. 1982 (1982) in April, opened in Yokohama in Japan first light guide has a complete aviation system, in any 24-hour landing onshore heliport (the airport is Yokohama City Fire Air Force and Kanagawa County Police Aviation Team Commonly owned ) . At present, the Yokohama City Fire Fighting Air Force is equipped with two AS365N2 firefighting helicopters of the same type manufactured in France . It is mainly equipped with an out-of-plane high-definition infrared camera, a 250W or 700W high-altitude tweeter, and a 900 litre bottom-mounted water tank. And 500 liters of bucket tanks and rescue, emergency equipment. In the event of a disaster, high-definition infrared cameras on fire-fighting helicopters can be used to transmit video of disaster scenes via satellite transmission systems directly to the fire command center, providing first-hand intuitive video data for decision makers. At the same time, it is also possible to use helicopter tweeters to effectively evacuate people at disaster sites.

In addition to the rescue and disaster relief activities, the Yokohama City Firefighting Air Force often conducts various rescue and firefighting trainings as well as time, night, field, and ground-limited flight training to improve the rescue, fire fighting, and driving of firefighters. Heisei 13 years (2001), the Yokohama City Fire Air Force were deployed 728 times. Among them, emergency rescue, fire fighting 164 times, rescue, flight training 278 times. A total of 53 1 hours of cumulative flight .

It is understood that the Japanese firefighters consist of pilots, mechanics, rescue teams, and management personnel. There are two main ways for pilots to choose: one is to select from Japanese self-defense members with helicopter driving qualifications; the other is to select excellent players from general firefighting staff and send them to aviation school for two years to obtain a helicopter driver's license. The cost of training a helicopter pilot is very expensive, and a total of 30 million yen is needed during school . Machinists are mainly selected among undergraduates who receive a mechanical diploma. The rescue team members and management personnel were selected among the high quality firefighters.

In Japan, in addition to the professional fire brigades, 36 roads and counties such as Hokkaido, Aomori, Aichi, and Kagoshima prefectures are equipped with 4O special disaster prevention helicopters to prepare for disasters. Emergency rescue.

Fire Rescue Team

With the increase of Japan’s population, the building’s high level and depth, the expansion of high-speed road networks, the extension of the underground railway and the large-scale development and construction of coastal cities, especially the increasingly prosperous underground streets and the highly concentrated population, make disasters. Rescue work in an accident has become increasingly complex and difficult. For this reason, after 1961 (1958 Japan Disaster Countermeasures Basic Law, "the implementation of the fire around the fire department headquarters in Japan has started to set up fire rescue teams to carry out fire, traffic accident, water is difficult to accidents, natural disasters and accidents, machinery accidents, building collapse Accidents, chemical leakage accidents and other difficult, difficult and dangerous disaster rescue work.

The Japanese fire rescue team has relatively complete equipment. In general, a fire rescue squadron assembles a special fire rescue work vehicle equipped with a series of rescue equipment such as general assistance, weight elimination, cut-off, destruction, measurement, respiratory protection, player protection, and retrieval assistance. Xiao anti-resurgence units are more sophisticated. In the eighth firefighting department of the Tokyo Fire Department, the author observed that the team was equipped with special rescue vehicles for earthquakes, special chemical vehicles, unmanned water discharge vehicles, high-emission vehicles for exhaust smoke, high-level water jets, and long distances. A large number of rescue vehicles , lighting power supply vehicles and other 21 rescue vehicles with various special functions; and equipped with image detectors, infrared explorer, sound detectors, night vision, life detectors and other high-tech aids. The Yokohama City Special Firefighting Relief Team is equipped with special rescue vehicles, unmanned water vehicles, and high-foam exhaust cars, as well as special rescue work vehicles, heat-resistant rescue vehicles, and large-scale motorized support vehicles.

Fire rescue team members are difficult to train, high in intensity and very hard. At the beginning of each year, the annual training plan is developed by the Department of Rescue and Fire Protection of the Fire Protection Department. Each fire department then formulates a detailed training schedule for each month according to the plan of the fire prevention department at the beginning of the year. It is understood that in addition to participating in rescue activities, the fire rescue team usually spends 70 % of its time on various rescue trainings or physical training. In order to improve the rescue level of fire rescue teams, Japan holds a nationwide rescue technology competition each year. Each of the prefectures and cities, towns and villages also held rescue technology competitions and selected outstanding players to compete in the national competition.

In order to support international relief efforts, Showa 6O years (1985), the Japanese government began to establish "International Fire rescue team", is responsible for the selection by the Fire and Disaster Management Department of International Fire rescue team from across the country in the firefighting headquarters firefighting rescue team, and the establishment of an international Fire rescue team login card. Normally, the selected international fire rescue team will work in their own firefighting headquarters. Once they have received an international emergency rescue mission, they immediately rush to the assembly site to accept the dispatch. The international emergency rescue team is mainly responsible for the formulation of disaster prevention plans, personnel assistance, emergency medical care, epidemic prevention and post-disaster reconstruction in the affected countries. At present, a total of 599 firefighting rescuers from 62 firefighting headquarters across Japan have been selected as international firefighting supporters. 1987 (1987), Japan has enacted legislation related to international emergency rescue team dispatched to further improve this international aid mechanism. According to statistics, since the establishment of the Japan International Emergency Rescue Team, it has conducted 11 overseas emergency rescue operations. China Taiwan after a major earthquake in 1999, Japan dispatched 11 firefighting headquarters of 46 international fire rescue team members participate in the rescue.

Fire Fighting Team

In Japan, medical emergency work for high-risk patients and injured people was originally performed by hospitals and private institutions. Later, in order to give full play to the overall effectiveness of the fire department, the Japanese government changed the law to make this work a legal task for the fire department. Nowadays, it is often seen that white fire-fighting emergency vehicles are busy traveling through the streets, and the fire department’s business volume has also started to soar. Heisei 13 years (2001), Japan's national fire department to carry out medical emergency activities 4184, 121 times. The number of outpatient medical emergencies has accounted for 82 out of the total number of fire fighting operations . 9 % or more. Firefighters have become "saviors" in the eyes of ordinary, weak and sick patients.

An emergency squadron generally consists of a fire emergency vehicle and three firefighters. The fire emergency vehicles are generally divided into ordinary emergency vehicles and high-standard emergency vehicles. The vehicles are equipped with the wounded personnel to use, observe and dispose of three types of equipment. } Shaw was still part of the fire prevention headquarters emergency vehicles equipped with GPS global positioning system to improve the efficiency of emergency. Firefighters rescue emergency rescuers and ordinary emergency players. The qualifications of the rescue and rescue personnel are very strict. They must work for more than 5 years in emergency positions or have more than 2,000 hours of practical work before they can apply to participate in the selection examination of the fire department. After passing the qualification, they enter the specialized school for 6 months to complete the study . Participate in the national unified organization of emergency life examination qualification examination. Once you have passed the emergency examination, you can engage in this career for life without having to change jobs. However, the firefighters are working hard. On August 7th , when I studied at the South Fire Department of the Firefighting Headquarters of the Sagamihara City, Kanagawa Prefecture, I often saw firefighters receive instruction at dinner time. When the patient returned, the meal was already cold. In particular, at night, the average number of dispatches is three or more times, each time requiring 60 minutes to 90 minutes. The sleepers are often severely deficient in sleep.

Fire emergency procedures are also very rigorous. Under normal circumstances, firefighters rush to the scene to measure the patient's breathing, pulse, body temperature, blood pressure, etc., diagnose basic symptoms, and contact the nearest designated emergency rescue center to determine the diagnosis of the doctor, then the patient Take it to the hospital. If the patient is in a serious condition and needs to take injections, electrocution of the heart, and dredge the respiratory tract, he must contact the hospital and obtain the doctor's consent before proceeding. After the patient is sent to the hospital, the fire emergency team member must report the patient's basic condition to the attending doctor in detail, and can only leave with the consent of the attending doctor. All emergency tasks are considered complete.

At present, the Japanese Fire Fighting Rescue Team is fully implementing the " 7- minute emergency response system." After receiving a phone call for help, the emergency team rushed to the scene within 7 minutes to make the public receive faster and better medical emergency services.

This article comes from "International Fax" and was reorganized by China Rescue Equipment Network.