Many wheat seedlings are weak, and these 5 points in the spring can be high-yield!

main feature:

First, the average group and individual indicators are lower than last year and perennial. According to the survey, the average number of acres per acre in the province was 634,000, and the number of single plants was 3.1, the number of main stem leaves was 5.03, and the number of secondary roots was 4.4, which was reduced by 40,000, 0.1 and 0.3 respectively. 0.3.

Second, the area of ​​one type of seedlings and seedlings decreased, and the area of ​​second and third types of seedlings expanded. The province's 57.715 million mu of wheat, the proportion of a type of seedlings was 45.62%, a decrease of 4.2% compared with last year; the proportion of the second type of seedlings was 38.23%, an increase of 3.37% over the previous year; the proportion of the three types of seedlings was 13.27%, Last year, it increased by 4%; the proportion of Wangmiao was 2.88%, which was 3.2% lower than last year.

Third, some land plots have already appeared. From the planting of wheat last year to the present, there is basically no effective precipitation in most areas. Although several snowfalls occurred in some areas in January, the problem of shallow lack of moisture was alleviated to a certain extent, but the overall precipitation was not large, and some plots, especially those that did not have winter water, have appeared.

Fourth, some plots of pests and diseases occur more seriously. Due to the earlier cooling and surface drought, the chemical weeding area before winter in the province is relatively small. Some plots have higher bases for wintering pests, and underground pests are more harmful.

In view of the current characteristics of wheat seedlings, the spring field management should follow the principle of “promoting the main, promoting the combination of control”, adapting to local conditions, using the policy of seedlings, doing a good job of classification management, promoting the transformation and upgrading of the second and third types of seedlings, and increasing the number of roots and promoting the roots. Number, reduce the number of small flower degradation and increase the number of grains.

The focus should be on the following technical measures:

Early suppression, ensuring warmth and early development

Spring cracking can crush the clods and seal the cracks, so that the topsoil of the soil that has been frozen and thawed in winter is soaked, so that the soil and the roots are closely connected, which is beneficial to the roots to absorb nutrients and reduce water evaporation. Therefore, for the hanging root seedlings and the extensive cultivation, the sloping of the soil, and the returning of the straw to the soil, the soil must be repressed after the early spring soil freezing, soaking the soil, reducing water evaporation and avoiding cold air intrusion into the frostbite near the tiller. Wheat seedlings; for dryland wheat fields without irrigating conditions, the soil is repressed in time after the soil is frozen, which promotes the upward movement of soil moisture, which plays a role in lifting, protecting, warming and drought-resistant. In the early spring, the suppression should be combined with the slashing, and the sputum should be pressed first, so as to achieve the effect of the upper Panasonic, the mites, the mites, the warming, the drought and the early development.

Chemical weeding at the right time to control weed damage

Weeding in wheat fields is best carried out before winter, but due to factors such as drought before winter and lower temperature, the chemical weeding area before winter in Shandong Province is relatively small. Therefore, it is especially important to do a good job of chemical weeding in spring. The favorable time for chemical weeding in spring is from late February to mid-March, and chemical weeding should be carried out early in the early stage of wheat greening. However, to avoid the cold weather, the average daily temperature in the three days before and after spraying is above 6 °C, the daily low temperature can not be lower than 0 °C, and the temperature during the daytime spraying is higher than 10 °C. For the weed community structure in the wheat field, the following herbicides can be selected:

Among the dicotyledonous weeds, the wheat field mainly composed of sage, amaranth, etc., may be selected from the group consisting of diflufenacil, sodium methoxide, 2,4-diisooctyl ester, etc.; In the wheat field, flupirtoxyacetic acid, fluorochloropyridyl ester, diflufenacil, difluoro-oxazolamide, etc. may be used; for broad-leaved weed mixed wheat fields such as piglet, leek, and sage, it is recommended to use Formulations, such as fluorochloropyridinium + diflufenacil, or diflufenazone + flufenacetic acid, or diflufenazone + oxadiazon, can expand the spectrum of killing grass and improve control.

Among the monocotyledonous weeds, the wheat field dominated by buckwheat can be selected with acesulfame + special auxiliaries, or flucarbazone, methyl disulfuron + special auxiliaries, etc.; In the wheat field, it can be controlled with clodinafop-propionate or oxazol-grass; the wheat field with main wheat can be controlled by methyl disulfuron + special auxiliaries; The wheat field can be controlled by clodinafop-propargyl or benzoxazole.

The wheat field in which the dicotyledonous and the monocotyledonous weeds are mixed may be mixed with the above agents for stem and leaf spray control, or a compound preparation containing the above ingredients may be selected. It is necessary to spray herbicides strictly according to the recommended dosage of the drug, to avoid arbitrarily increasing the dose to cause phytotoxicity to wheat and crops, and to prohibit the use of long-lasting herbicides such as chlorsulfuron-methyl and metsulfuron-methyl.

Classification guidance, scientific fertilization and watering

This year's wheat field seedlings are more complicated and more types. The management of fertilizer and water should be based on the conditions of seedlings, and the classification and guidance should be highlighted.

(a) three types of wheat fields

The three types of wheat fields are mostly late seeding and weak seedlings, and spring field management should be promoted. In particular, "a needle" or a wheat field in the soil, it is necessary to promote the transformation and upgrading of the seedling condition through measures such as "early stroke and early topdressing". Generally, when the surface of the early spring is 2 cm, the soil begins to draw, and before the jointing, it strives to draw 2 to 3 times, and the temperature is increased to promote early development. At the same time, in the early spring, after the soil is frozen, the nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer should be applied early, and the number of roots can be increased. As long as the sensation is acceptable, watering should be avoided in early spring to avoid lowering the ground temperature and affecting the permeability of the soil, which may delay the growth and development of the wheat seedlings. When the average daily temperature is stable at 5 °C, the three types of seedlings can be fertilized at the same time, applying 5-8 kg of urea per acre to promote the transformation and upgrading of the three types of seedlings; and applying 8 kg of urea per acre during the jointing stage to promote the development of spikes. Increase the number of grains per panicle.

(2) Two types of wheat fields

The second type of wheat field belongs to the transition type between weak seedlings and strong seedlings. The focus of spring field management is to promote the occurrence of spring tillers, consolidate the tillering before winter, and increase the rate of ear formation in winter and spring tillers. Generally, the fertilizer and water management is carried out during the period in which the wheat is raised, and 15 kg of urea is used in combination with the watering mu.

(3) A type of wheat field

Most of the wheat fields belong to the strong wheat field, and the management measures should emphasize the shift of nitrogen fertilizer. For a type of wheat field with a high level of soil fertility and a population of 700,000 to 800,000, it is necessary to topdress and water in the middle and late stages of wheat jointing to obtain higher yield. For the level of soil fertility, a group of wheat fields of 600,000 to 700,000 Fertilizer and water management was carried out at the beginning of wheat jointing. Generally combined with watering acres to chase urea 15 ~ 20 kg.

(4) Wangchang wheat field

Because of the large population and the slender leaves, the Miaomiao wheat field is prone to cause depression and poor illumination in the field after the jointing stage, thus causing lodging. The following management measures should be taken mainly:

1. Repression. Repression during the rejuvenation period can effectively inhibit the bifurcation and excessive elongation of the basal internodes, regulate the population structure and improve the lodging resistance of wheat. It is an important technical measure to control the growth of the seedlings. Be careful to suppress the frost after the morning frost has disappeared. The prosperous land in Wangchang can be suppressed every other week or so, and it is suppressed by 2 to 3 times.

2, because the seedlings determine the spring time for topdressing and watering. For the wheat fields where the vegetative growth of the plant was too strong, the soil fertility was too large, and there was a phenomenon of “de-fertilization”, the topdressing period could be followed by topdressing and watering to prevent the excessive seedlings from turning into weak seedlings; In the early spring, do not rush to fertilize and water the water. On the basis of repression, the period of topdressing should be postponed to the late stage of jointing. The amount of fertilizer applied is about 12 to 15 kilograms of urea.

(5) Dryland wheat fields

Due to the lack of irrigating conditions in dryland wheat fields, it is necessary to carry out repression and slashing in the early spring after the soil has been frozen, so as to raise and protect the mites. Weak seedlings in the wheat field can be used to fertilize the fertilizer after the soil is re-slurry. The average mu is about 12 kilograms of urea. If no phosphate fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer, it is necessary to apply diammonium phosphate in the nitrogen fertilizer to promote the roots and to improve the drought resistance.

Precise medication, green prevention and control of pests and diseases

The re-greening stage is the hazard period of the spider, and it is also the peak period of the infection of roots and stems such as sheath blight, stem-based rot and root rot. It is necessary to grasp the key period of the mixed concentration of pests and diseases. According to the occurrence of local pests and diseases, the main pests and diseases are targeted, and the pesticides and fungicides are used in combination, and a variety of pests and diseases are treated once. To use the medicine accurately, try to achieve green prevention and control. For the control of sheath blight and root rot, 250g/L propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate can be used in 30-40 ml per mu, or 300g/L difenoconazole/propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate can be 20-30 ml per mu, or 240 g/L thiophene. Furanamide suspension agent sprays the base of wheat stems at 20 ml per acre, and sprays once every 10 to 15 days; the control spider should be carried out before 10:00 am or after 4:00 pm, and can be suspended with 5% avermectin. 4 to 8 grams or 4% bifenthrin microemulsion 30 ~ 50 ml. The above-mentioned mixing of pests and diseases can be controlled by a combination of drugs and drugs.

Pay close attention to weather changes and prevent early spring damage

Early spring frost damage (cold spring cold) is a frequent disaster in early spring. The most effective measure to prevent early spring frost damage is to pay close attention to weather changes and water before cooling. Since the heat capacity of water is larger than the heat capacity of air and soil, watering before the early spring cold current can increase the water vapor in the near-surface air, and when condensation occurs, the latent heat is released to reduce the variation of the ground temperature. Therefore, in areas with watering conditions, watering before the cold wave can adjust the microclimate near the ground layer, which has a good effect on preventing early spring frost damage.

Wheat is a crop with tillering characteristics. The wheat field that suffers from early spring freezing will not freeze all the parts of the wheat, and the wheat axillary buds can grow into long spikes. As long as management is strengthened, a good harvest can still be obtained. Therefore, if frost damage occurs in early spring, it is necessary to remedy it in time. The main remedy: First, seize the time and apply fertilizer. For the wheat field that suffers from freezing damage, according to the degree of damage, seize the time, apply quick-acting fertilizer, promote early seedling growth, and increase the rate of emergence of high-grade tillers of grades 2 to 4. Generally, about 10 kg of urea is applied per mu. Second, timely watering is applied to promote the absorption of nitrogen by wheat, balance the water condition of the plant, so that the small tillers grow as soon as possible, increase the number of effective tillers and make up for the loss of the main stem; Spray plant growth regulators. After the wheat is frozen, spraying the plant cell membrane steady-state agent and sodium nitrophenolate sodium plant growth regulator in time, can promote the rapid growth of medium and small tillers and the rapid growth of latent buds, and significantly increase the number of spikes and 1000-grain weight of wheat. , significantly increased wheat yield in the wheat field during freezing damage.