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China is one of the countries with rich rare earth resources. Since the 1950s, China's rare earth industry has made great progress. After years of hard work, China has become the world's largest producer, exporter and exporter of rare earths. While developing rare earths for the benefit of mankind, the resources and environmental problems associated with them have become increasingly prominent.
At present, we should improve the reserve of rare earths, integrate related enterprises, deal with the crisis of Baotou tailings dam, strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights, and pay attention to the recycling of rare earth resources.
The problem of Baotou rare earth tailings dam needs to be solved urgently. As a non-renewable natural resource, rare earth must take measures to effectively protect and rationally use it. Over the years, China has worked hard to implement protective mining of rare earths and promote the sustainable use of resources. It is time to stop the mining of the main east mine of Baotou and mine the west mine. The main east mine of Baotou is still mined as iron ore. The rare earth is only 10% mined, 15% was wasted, and 75% is placed in the tailings dam. The tailings dam has formed an artificial hanging lake, covering an area of ​​15 square kilometers, covering more than the university campuses of Peking University and Tsinghua University. The wall is 35 meters high and increases by 0.9 meters per year. Nearly 10 million cubic meters of water and mineral powder are discharged every year. The long-term existence and increasing of tailings dams pose a great danger to Baotou. The infiltration at the bottom of the tailings dam even flows pollutants into the Yellow River. There is an urgent need to stop using tailings dams, let go of the water in the tailings dam, and cover the vegetation to restore vegetation. Because the tailings dam contains rare earths, if the tailings dam problem is handled, it will become a rare earth mine. The proportion of China's rare earth resources in the world's total will be able to rise to around 33%. The state should give Baotou Steel a certain subsidy to promote the reuse of tailings dams.
Establish a complete system of rare earth reserves. The United States and Japan have already begun to strategically reserve rare earths and seal up their resources and rare earth mines for import. The rapid development of China's rare earth industry not only meets the needs of domestic economic and social development, but also makes an important contribution to the global supply of rare earths. During 1995 and 2005, 95% of the world's rare earths were supplied by China. In 1959, China's rare earth resources accounted for 46% of the world's total, and now only about 20%. The world needs 100,000 tons of rare earth per year, while China's production capacity is 150,000 tons. The oversupply has led to a sharp drop in rare earth prices. In 2006, the country will limit the production of rare earths to 80,000 tons. In the same year, the price of rare earths rose nearly three times, and in 2007, it continued to remain at a high level. After the 2008 financial crisis, rare earth prices fell again. The main reason for the price cut in 2008 was that China exported high-purity high-quality rare earths at a very low price in the past, and made countries such as Japan and South Korea reserve rare earths for 20 years at low prices. In 2006 and 2007, the price rose. In the 2008 financial crisis, foreign countries could rely on reserves to temporarily not import rare earth.
Promote the integration of rare earth enterprises. For a long time, due to the interests, there are many domestic rare earth mining enterprises, and there are generally small scale and repeated construction. In foreign countries, there is only one French rare earth separation plant in Europe. It is now necessary for the country to promote the integration of rare earths. The integration of rare earths should form two rare earth companies in the north and south. There are southern rare earth companies in the south and northern rare earth companies in the north. On this basis, the production associations and production prices are coordinated. The rare earth industry association has been established and has achieved great results, but the number of members of the association is large, it is difficult to coordinate control, and it cannot form a joint force. Only when large enterprises are formed and scaled up can they grasp the pricing power of rare earth resources.
Carry out recycling and utilization of rare earth secondary resources. The application range of rare earths is becoming wider and wider, and rare earths are used in household appliances such as energy-saving lamps, computers, and mobile phones. The state should support the development of circular economy, the establishment of a specialized recycling base for rare earth materials, rare earth pyrometallurgical molten salt, slag, rare earth permanent magnet waste and waste permanent magnet motor, waste nickel hydrogen battery, waste rare earth fluorescent lamp, spent rare earth catalyst, waste Secondary rare earth resources such as rare earth polishing powder and other rare earth-containing waste components are recycled and reused.
Crack down on rare earth smuggling according to law. Affected by various factors such as domestic and international demand, although China Customs has classified rare earth as a key smuggling project, the export smuggling of rare earth products still exists. Some lawless elements pretend to be other products and transport rare earths in containers. From 2006 to 2008, the amount of rare earth imported from China by foreign customs was 35%, 59% and 36% higher than that of China Customs. In 2011, it was 1.2 times higher.
Pay attention to intellectual property protection. In the 1980s and 1990s, some scientists believed that their research funding came from the state, so scientific research results were provided to state-owned enterprises without compensation. At that time, the plan was to promote the separation technology only in the three state-owned rare earth plants in Baotou Rare Earth Third Plant, Shanghai Yuelong Chemical Plant and Zhujiang Smelter. Therefore, the cost of rare earth industry is very low and the profits are very high. Some local enterprises and private enterprises also started. Building a factory. Local enterprises and private enterprises have also taken away relevant technologies by hiring senior engineers from state-owned enterprises through high wages. Even the branch plant established by the French rare earth plant in China has mastered some of China's core technologies. Fortunately, our technology is still researching and developing, and we must strengthen protection in the future. China's technology in rare earth separation is leading the world. There is an urgent need to extend the industrial chain, strengthen the research and development of terminal products, and make rare earths into products, and then export them. Only by strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights can we promote the enthusiasm of product research and development and form a virtuous circle system of industry.
Let China's rare earth resources become an economic advantage. It is necessary to solve the above problems, promote integration, strictly control the mining of rare earths, total production, reduce the intensity of resource development, delay resource exhaustion, and promote sustainable development.
China should transform rare earth resources into economic advantages
Abstract Rare earth is an important natural resource that cannot be regenerated, and its use in economic and social development is increasingly widespread. China is one of the countries with rich rare earth resources. Since the 1950s, China's rare earth industry has made great progress. After years of hard work, China has become the world...
Rare earths are important natural resources that are not renewable and are increasingly used in economic and social development.