Many farmers often encounter the active enzyme components on the product label when they choose the water-conversion products. It is well known that enzymes are proteins with catalytic functions in organisms (the few enzymes are RNA), but what is the role of "biological enzymes" used in aquaculture production? Most fishery drug dealers can't say why. Even the sales manager of the fishery drug manufacturer is difficult to answer. It is ambiguous that it should have a good decomposition effect on the harmful substances of water and sediment, and some manufacturers in Zhengzhou evade the name of the trade secret. How much is such a biological concept that even high school students understand? Application to feed effects is restricted In vivo, catalytic enzymes play a very wide range of functions. For example, a very important function of enzymes is to participate in the work of the animal's digestive system. Some enzymes, represented by amylases and proteases, can degrade macromolecules (starches and proteins) entering the digestive tract into small molecules for intestinal absorption. Starch cannot be directly absorbed by the intestines, and enzymes can hydrolyze starch into maltose or further hydrolyze into small molecules that can be absorbed by the intestines such as glucose. Chemical reactions in organisms are rarely carried out without enzymes, and enzymes play a very unique and critical role in living organisms. Usually, the reaction is the same under the two conditions of the presence or absence of the enzyme, but the former is faster. The digestive tract of aquatic animals is relatively short, the time for the chyme to stay in the digestive tract is small, and the digestion of the bait is not complete. In particular, aquatic animals cannot secrete enzymes that degrade non-starch polysaccharides, while aquatic feeds contain more non-starch polysaccharides and are more resistant to nutrition. Fish and shrimp can not synthesize enzymes such as cellulase, hemicellulase, phytase and pectinase, and can only rely on external sources. The lack of exogenous enzymes makes the vegetable raw materials such as non-starch sugar, pectin and cellulose polymer difficult to digest and decompose in the bait; many aquatic animals, especially carnivorous fish, have lower carbohydrate digestibility and make part of the protein as energy. However, it is consumed, resulting in a large amount of ammonia nitrogen in the excrement, and the bait utilization efficiency is low. Aquatic feed has a higher nutrient level, and undigested nutrients are directly excreted into the aquaculture water, causing water pollution and deterioration of water quality. In this way, the use of enzyme preparations should be able to effectively improve the incomplete digestion of bait by aquatic organisms. Enzyme preparations have been widely used in livestock and poultry diets, and aquatic compound enzyme products containing various functional enzymes have already appeared, but the market's response to aquatic compound enzymes has been relatively flat. He Maoxian, a researcher at the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, told the reporter of the "Agricultural Treasures" that the application of enzyme preparations in aquatic animals is much less than that of livestock and poultry feed, and the effect is relatively limited. "Aquatic animals are temperature-changing animals whose body temperature changes with the change of water temperature, and the activity of the enzyme will inevitably change accordingly. The effect of the enzyme will be affected at the same time." He Maoxian explained that the particularity of the method of feeding aquatic animals is such that The use of enzyme preparations in aquafeeds is limited. Zhang Wei, deputy director of Guangdong Yuehai Feed Group Engineering Center, also revealed the reason: aquatic feed will cause loss of enzyme preparation during high-temperature granulation; in addition, most aquatic organisms have neutral or weak acidity and most body temperature It is about 30 ° C, lower than the optimum temperature of the general enzyme. Therefore, whether the enzyme preparation for feed can improve the utilization rate is not very clear, and the industry is still in a wait-and-see state. However, it is certain that the research on aquatic enzyme preparations will be the hot research direction in the future. The enzyme in the enzyme preparation only plays a supporting role. Although the application in the feed has yet to be discussed, the enzyme preparations can often be seen in the micro-ecological preparation products which are mainly used for water transfer. After inquiry from Shandong, Henan, Shanghai and other enterprises, the reporter of "Agricultural Treasures" learned that the price of enzyme preparations for aquatic products on the market is currently 20-70 yuan / KG. The biological enzymes used in microecological preparations for aquaculture are mostly extracted from natural yeast, including amylase, cellulase, β-glucanase, glucose oxidase, lipase, maltase, mannan. Enzymes, pectinase, phytase, protease, xylanase and galactomannanase. Some of these functional enzymes have unique functions of degrading harmful substances such as amines and sulfides, and some have the function of enhancing the metabolism of oils and hydrocarbons, thereby accelerating absorption. In theory, the complex enzyme preparation contains a large amount of exogenous enzymes, which can smoothly decompose non-starch saccharide compounds; at the same time, the composite enzyme preparation can promote the secretion of endogenous digestive enzymes and accelerate the hydrolysis of macromolecular organic substances such as protein, starch and fat in the bait. It has the function of reducing the bait coefficient and promoting the growth rate. But in fact, the protein nature of the enzyme determines that temperature and pH are two important factors influencing the enzymatic reaction. Tang Wei, a staff member of the Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: On the one hand, the fishery medicine enterprises purchase raw materials from the enzyme preparation manufacturers, process them and then ship them to the dealers, and the dealers gradually digest the stocks. During the period from the production to the use of the enzyme preparation, it is highly probable that the biological activity of the enzyme has been lost due to changes in various physical and chemical conditions. On the other hand, as a catalyst, the enzyme needs to have sufficient concentration to play a more obvious role, otherwise it is only itching. It is essential that under natural conditions, the temperature and pH often do not reach the optimal conditions for enzymatic reaction, which greatly reduces the effectiveness of the enzyme preparation. At present, most of the enzymes in aquaculture products only play a supporting role. For example, some kind of "water purification complex enzyme algaecide" on the market, the various hydrolyzing enzymes in the composition, the organic matter in the environment is decomposed into microbial absorption and utilization. Small molecule organic matter stimulates the growth and reproduction of indigenous microorganisms, increases the algae diversity index, inhibits the reproduction of lower blue-green algae through nutrient competition, and non-enzymes directly act on harmful algae. According to the price quoted by the enzyme preparation company, and the price of the fishery medicine product containing the enzyme preparation which is common in the market, it may only be the crude extract after the microbial fermentation. Since the enzyme preparation contains more enzymes, it is called a complex enzyme, and some manufacturers are also called biological enzymes. Although many scientific research units or manufacturers are called a compound enzyme name, the number and proportion of various enzymes in the obtained products are very different due to the different strains, raw material formulas, fermentation conditions, etc. used in production. For the above reasons, the performance is also different. Here, the majority of farmers are reminded not to listen to the name of the compound enzyme, but also to the development and production units. Solar Green House,Solar Greenhouse Construction,Small Solar Greenhouse,Passive Solar Greenhouse Jilin Yidao Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.ydgreenhouses.com
Complex enzymes: How many gods are there?