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Small silicon wafers carrying trillions of photovoltaic industry
China's PV industry has shown rapid growth in recent years and will usher in a golden period in the next five years. This will drive the development and growth of its upstream and midstream silicon wafer production, supply and service companies. As is well known, solar wafers are widely used in the photovoltaic industry. In its production process, the cut-formed silicon wafer is at the core of the entire industrial chain, and the final formed component is the core of the solar power generation system, which is the most valuable part. It can be seen that the silicon wafer is the core of the core and the CPU of the entire photovoltaic industry. In this industry chain, there are thousands of companies in processing, production, cutting and assembly. The small silicon wafer is not only the power of photovoltaic power generation, but also the market plate of trillions of yuan. In recent years, with the frequent emergency of traditional energy sources and the frequent environmental pollution problems, governments have put new energy development on the agenda. Therefore, the market demand for clean energy such as photovoltaics has started to grow steadily. Local governments are also working hard to build photovoltaic power plant projects. According to Photon International's third phase of the world's solar photovoltaic industry in 2011, China's PV market accounted for 47.8% of Asia's production in 2011, with Asia accounting for 82.3% of global production, compared with 75.7% in 2009. This shows that China's photovoltaic market is huge. According to the latest estimate of isuppli, the global installed capacity of solar energy will be about twice that of 2009, and the growth rate is close to 100%. "But recently, with the new subsidies policy of Germany and Italy in the world's major PV markets becoming clear, the demand for PV modules is expected to rebound in the second half of the year, and the industry is expected to usher in a full recovery in the third quarter." Coincidentally, in August this year, the domestic PV grid pricing policy was introduced. The document clearly requires that: PV projects that meet the requirements for approval before July 1, 2011 or that are completed before December 31, can enjoy a subsidy policy of 1.15 yuan per kWh. This has given a strong boost to the confidence of local governments and international capital in China's PV industry. Investors also expressed their optimism about the development of the industry. Huang Yu, the person in charge of investment in the new energy sector, said: “With the technological advancement of various links in the polysilicon industry chain, the cost of the overall solar industry will fall very fast, if the cost of the solar industry can continue to drop to a critical point. (The cost per kilowatt-hour is about 0.8-1 yuan), and the solar energy industry will no longer rely on policy subsidies to develop rapidly." Benefiting from this favorable prospect, the silicon wafer cutting blade enterprises in the middle of the segment are expected to be domestic in 2011. The demand for wafer cutting blades will reach 375,000 to 450,000 tons. According to the 2010 financial report of Henan Xinda New Materials Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Xindaxin Materials), a large-scale listed company in this field, the company's main business annual revenue is about 1.2 billion yuan, an increase of 121.08 over the same period of last year. %, of which crystal silicon wafer cutting blade sales revenue of 1.1 billion yuan, more than 90% of the company's main income, an increase of 110.04%. The recycling of waste mortar in another main business of Xindaxin Materials also appeared later. The waste mortar processing business serves the wafer cutting enterprise. Because the wafer cutting material will produce waste mortar during the cutting process of the crystalline silicon wafer, such waste will directly pollute the water and land if it is directly discharged. Treatment will greatly alleviate environmental pressures and reduce cost pressures for cutting companies. From the current domestic silicon wafer cutting process, the solar photovoltaic industry will produce about 810,000 tons and 880,000 tons of waste mortar in 2011-2012, and the market is very promising. The main business of Jiangyin Haobo Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Jiangyin Haobo), which has recently obtained PE investment of over 100 million yuan, is also the cutting blade for the production of silicon wafers and the disposal of waste mortar for solar wafer cutting enterprises. Based on its core technology, its company has become the core supplier of upstream giants such as GCL-Poly, Tianwei New Energy and Saiwei. The investment is also reflected in the favorable solar energy industry policy and energy-saving and environmental protection advantages. Technology upgrades accelerate the polysilicon industry to dominate the entire industry chain in the development of the solar photovoltaic market, which is a typical technology-intensive, capital-intensive industry. As a result, major silicon wafer manufacturers have accelerated their technological upgrades while expanding their production capacity. From silicon material to smooth silicon wafer, it needs to be processed many times in the middle, and the process is complicated. However, due to years of development, related technologies have matured. In the upstream of silicon wafer production, the large-scale enterprises GCL-Poly and Savi have realized that the technology and the international market are almost in sync. At the same time, cutting and cutting edge production enterprises serving wafer production have also achieved technological breakthroughs in recent years. It is understood that the core of waste mortar treatment technology lies in the separation technology. At present, there are only a few companies that can be used as waste mortar treatment in China, most of which are manufacturers that used to make electrolyte or cutting sand, such as Xindaxin Materials, Haobo Technology, Wuxi Jiayu, etc. Industry competition is not yet fierce, and the profit margin is considerable. “But domestic processing technology has also been completed in recent years and is not mature enough. Compared with the processing scale of cutting mortar waste liquid in the solar industry, the processing capacity of waste mortar processing manufacturers is relatively limited, and it has not been started for solar cutting until nearly two years. Accepted by the company, its technical standards are mainly confirmed by the commissioned manufacturers, and there are no relevant standards in the country." Industry insiders pointed out. However, the eco-friendly effect brought by waste mortar treatment has been widely praised. The data shows that solar silicon wafers cut about 1 ton of solar crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, producing an average of about 40 tons of waste mortar. From the current technology, after high-quality secondary treatment and recycling, 40 tons of waste mortar can be obtained. 12 tons of recovered sand (cutting blade) and 16 tons of recovered liquid (cutting liquid). With the improvement of environmental protection requirements in the country, the maturity of waste mortar treatment technology has solved a heart disease in the solar cutting industry, avoiding potential environmental risks that may be increased for the solar cutting industry. However, such a segmented market is also facing competitive pressures. At present, large-scale slicing enterprises have built their own waste mortar treatment plants, or selected related processing enterprises as their partners. Enterprises that simply treat waste mortars need to rely on several large slicing enterprises to survive. Large and medium-sized slicing companies will not rely entirely on a waste mortar processing company. "This will gradually lead to an oligopolistic competition in the industry. After all, the impact of the quality of recycled products on processing costs may be greater than the reduction of procurement costs. If inappropriate recycling products are used, enterprises may not be able to pay for their losses." Junsheng Investment Huang Yu said . Strong demand for polysilicon market For a long time, the solar industry has been heavily dependent on the supply of upstream polysilicon, pushing the price of polysilicon to new heights. It is understood that the price of polysilicon has been climbing since 2000, reaching a maximum of $500/kg in 2008. This allows polysilicon monopolises to have a gross margin of up to 70%. However, in recent years, due to the continuous maturity of wafer processing and production technology, the gross profit margin has gradually decreased. However, enterprises with an entire industrial chain can internally digest the problems caused by the decline in gross profit margin and directly translate into the advantage of falling production costs. According to the silicon wafer manufacturer Savi LDK announcement: There are two main polysilicon production lines, but they are mainly used for internal production and are not directly sold, so the impact is not significant. The profitability of silicon wafers and components is its main source of profit. It is understood that the unit manufacturing cost of its wafers has been reduced to US$0.29 from the previous US$0.31; the unit manufacturing cost of PV modules has been reduced to US$0.34 from the previous US$0.36. Despite this, raw material polysilicon is still optimistic about the market. According to the report of PHOTON, an international photovoltaic consulting company, under the favorable policies and huge market demand, the global polysilicon market is expected to grow at an average annual rate of 16% in 2010-2014, and the demand will reach 290,000 tons in 2014. In order to seize market opportunities, global giants including the US polysilicon giants Hemlock Semiconductor Group, Germany's Wacker Chemical Company, and Japan's Deshan Company are widely deploying large-scale polysilicon projects. As a larger supplier of polysilicon and silicon wafers in China, GCL-Poly has also developed a polysilicon expansion plan to meet the challenges. According to company data: This year and next year, it will invest 17.7 billion Hong Kong dollars to expand polysilicon and wafer production capacity, and plans to make polysilicon production capacity reach more than 46,000 tons by the end of this year. In this regard, the industry analysts: "Industry giants lay out the raw material market on a large scale, which can take the lead in the future competition." In addition, companies outside the industry are also optimistic about this market, and accelerate the pace of production line construction.