Rational fertilization and cultivation of rapeseed

The rapeseed strong seedlings are good for autumn and winter, which is conducive to the transformation of the various growth stages in the future. Therefore, the growth of rapeseed strong seedlings has a great impact on the yield of rapeseed, and it is a key measure to cultivate strong seedlings. The experience of high-yield units shows that to capture high-yield and high-yield rapeseed, the following points should be grasped during fertilization in seedling stage:

Apply enough base fertilizer. In the seedbed period, the total nitrogen content is 50%, and the organic fertilizer is the main one. Generally, 1000-1500 kg of compost is used per acre, and 20-25 kg of phosphate fertilizer is used. After mixing, the soil is mixed into the topsoil and used for pig manure. Water 1500-2000 kg, add appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer together into the seedbed soil, and fertilize the bed soil.

Early application of Qi Miao fertilizer. Although rapeseed seedlings do not require much fertilizer, they cannot be deficient in fertilizer, because the "disilution" period of rapeseed seedlings is very early, and the phenomenon of disengagement is prone to occur when fertilization is not timely. Therefore, generally, when 80% of the seedlings are in the seedlings, 750 kg of thin human and animal waste water or 4 kg of urea is applied per acre to prevent the growth of rapeseed seedlings after 3-4 leaf stage, and the leaves are red. If the base is fat enough and the seedlings grow vigorously, it is not suitable for top dressing, and the seedlings should be refined at the 4-5 leaf stage to prevent prolonged formation and high seedling formation.

Increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. The absorption of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers during rapeseed growth is more than that of other crops, especially phosphate fertilizer. Phosphorus deficiency in soil will show obvious symptoms in the seedling stage, which will affect the normal growth of seedlings. Therefore, there is no field where the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer or the soil is seriously deficient in phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added in the seedling stage. The test showed that the phosphate fertilizer had good effect and high utilization rate before the second leaf stage of rapeseed seedlings. Generally, 15-20 kg of calcium phosphate or 20-25 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate is applied per mu. If the seedling bed is applied with phosphate fertilizer, it is not necessary to apply phosphate fertilizer, but the leaf surface should be sprayed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer solution. Potassium fertilizer should be applied with potassium chloride or potassium sulfate before the seedling stage.

Suitable for seedling fertilizer. After the rapeseed seedlings are fixed, the management is mainly to promote strong seedlings and increase vegetative bodies. At this time, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be appropriately increased to promote the opening of the leaves. Generally, before and after the seedlings are planted, the acre is used for 2-3 times with 500-750 kg of thin human and animal manure water. If the soil is dry and weak, the soil may be applied more appropriately. The 4-5 leaf stage is mainly controlled, stop fertilizing and watering, carry out seedlings, control and promote the seedlings, and promote the smooth transition of the seedlings through the physiological transition period. In this way, the rapeseed achieves a balance of carbon metabolism, the accumulation of matter increases, and the seedlings grow vigorously, which can prevent the phenomenon of prolongation during the seedbed period.

Skillfully applied to the body. After the seedlings 5 ​​leaves, enter the fulling period, when the temperature begins to turn low, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled, the sugar content in the seedlings should be increased, and the plant resistance should be enhanced. In order to improve the rooting ability of the seedlings, it is conducive to early hair loss after transplanting. A small amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be applied 5-7 days before transplanting, and it can be applied with 7.5-10 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per acre. If the leaf color of rapeseed is lighter or the phenomenon of old red leaves occurs, it can be combined with spraying phosphate fertilizer. Generally, 1-1.5 kg of superphosphate is used. After soaking for 10 nights with 10 kg of clear water, the filtrate is appropriately added with water spray.

Apply borax fertilizer. The demand for boron in rapeseed is more sensitive and sensitive. The lack of boron will not only affect the flowering of the rape during the late growth period, but also have a great influence on the seedling stage. Therefore, the application of boron seedlings in rapeseed should also be promoted. In the seedling stage, it can be combined with topdressing with 0.5 kg of borax per acre. If the seedlings have symptoms of boron deficiency, the surface of the borax fertilizer can be sprayed with 0.1%-0.2% concentration to promote the blade to normal.

(Cao Lijun)