Drug Chemistry of Natural Polymer Chitin Chitosan

Chemical Chemistry of Natural Polymer Chitin/Chitosan Jiang Chuanfu (Editor's Department of Jinzhou Normal University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 1210 (1)) is insoluble and difficult to absorb; the presence of hydroxyl groups on 6-C predicts the properties of alcohols; amino groups on 2-C There is a coordination characteristic that shows the basicity of chitosan, nitrogen atom, oxygen atom; positively charged cationicity. These properties are the theoretical basis for the efficacy of chitin/chitosan in reducing blood pressure and anti-cancer drugs.

In 1811, the French scientist Braconno first extracted chitin from mushrooms. At the time, it was named 蕈1823. French scientist Ogiler also extracted chitin in the crustacean shell and named it. The insolubility of chitin for chitin has limited its use, and chitin has historically been silent for a long time.

Chitin is abundant in origin and extraction is simple. From the point of view of structural characteristics, it is similar to cellulose and aminopolysaccharide. According to this, chitin has potential new uses. As a result, in the 1960s, research on chitin in many countries such as Japan was very active.

In 1977, Japan first used chitosan as a flocculant to treat wastewater. In the same year, the first Chitin/Chitosan International Conference was held in Boston, USA. Since then, the application of chitin in food, environmental protection, medicine and other fields has made great progress.

Since 1980, the research and development of chitin/chitosan has developed on a global scale. Countries have increased their efforts in the development of chitin/chitosan products. The Japanese government has invested 6 billion yen, entrusted 10 universities and research institutes, spent more than 10 years developing and researching chitin/chitosan products, and obtained a lot of scientific research results. There are about 20 kinds of health foods based on chitosan.

In 1994, sales of functional health foods saved more than 100 billion yen.

Chitin is a new material in the 21st century. It has a tremendous role in the development and progress of human society. Almost all countries in the world are researching and developing chitin. There are tens of thousands of papers published every year. At the same time, there are many monographs and patents published. On an average of 3 days in Japan, there was a report on applications for chitin applications. The international community has held six sessions of the Chitin Academic Conference successively. Thousands of companies engaged in the industrialization of chitin in the world have annual sales of more than 2 billion U.S. dollars. Chitin research and development has become a world-renowned high-tech field and a promising new industry.

In the 1950s, China has made some research on the preparation and application of chitin. Chitosan was used in the printing and dyeing industry in 1958 to replace the film-forming agent Acralamine. Subsequent reports were rare.

In the 1990s, it was the booming period of China's research and development boom of chitin. Thousands of research institutes, colleges, and enterprises throughout the country engaged in the development and application of chitin, Xie Wenshui, Wuxi University of Light Industry and other research on chitin/chitosan enzymes. Degradation; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wang Wei, etc. Research on the nature of chitosan solution, Jin Xinrong, East China University of Science and Technology, etc. Research chitosan pharmaceutical flocculants, chitosan to reduce the water solubility of low molecular weight chitosan. In recent years, the national output of chitin has exceeded the 4000t mark. He has held eight national conferences related to chitin and published hundreds of reports on chitin. However, China's chitin production technology level is not high, product quality is low, application development power is scattered, research is repeated, and industrialization level is low. Need to concentrate and work together. Using practical steps and effective measures to meet the arrival of the chitin era with solid steps.

Natural resources-rich chitin/chitosan, its application in industries, agriculture, protection, national defense, medicine and other aspects of people's lives. In 1991, the U.S. and European medical universities and nutritional food research institutes named chitin as the sixth most important factor in human health after protein, fat, sugar, vitamins, and minerals. How to theoretically answer the applications of various parties of chitin/chitosan.

This is a broad and difficult issue. It is also the weakness of the current research. But it is also a question that needs to be answered. This article discusses the effects of chitin/chitosan on the relationship between structure, properties, and application.

1 Chitin/Chitosan Structural Features It can be seen that chitosan is a deacetylated chitin, a derivative of chitin. Their structural characteristics determine the unique properties. The presence of covalently bonded polymer-like linear fibrous structures and intermolecular forces determines the insolubility of high-molecular-weight chitin/chitosan; it is difficult to absorb; the presence of hydroxyl groups on 6-C predicts the properties of alcohols; The presence of an amino group on C can be speculated about the properties of chitosan, positively charged cationic, and the coordination of nitrogen and oxygen atoms.

2 properties and drug efficacy 2.1 blood pressure, blood fat, hypoglycemic medical research shows that elevated blood pressure and salt in the Cf, has nothing to do with Na +, chitin is a positively charged food, its cationic group can be combined with cr insoluble It is not excreted in vitro by the absorption and reduces the blood pressure.

Intravascular fat droplets are negatively charged groups. When a positively charged chitin degradant binds to it, it creates a barrier around the lipid droplets that prevents lipid droplets from being absorbed. Low concentrations of chitin prevent fat digestive enzymes from activating the fat. Can not be absorbed in the jejunum and excreted in the original form; chitin and bile acid combined affect lipid emulsification, reduce absorption, due to these effects, to achieve lipid-lowering efficacy.

The study found that: The body fluids of diabetic patients are acidic, the utilization rate of sugar is reduced and they are hyperglycemia. The basicity of chitin improves insulin utilization. Each increase in pH of 0.1, islet sensitivity increased by 30%, is conducive to the prevention and treatment of diabetes. At the same time, chitin also regulates the function of the endocrine system, so that insulin secretion is normal and blood sugar rises are suppressed.

2.2 Exclude heavy metal ions, eliminate toxins, remove excess cholesterol, hydroxyl oxygen, amino nitrogen, and other active groups in chitin molecules. When the pH value is above weak acid, the adsorption and chelation of heavy metal ions occurs when the pH value increases. Strong, pH value of 9, chitosan Pb2+ adsorption rate of 100% It can also absorb pesticides, chemical pigments, radiation and other toxic substances. Chitin binds bile acids and has two effects: one is to lower cholesterol in the blood and prevent arteriosclerosis; the other is to prevent the production of cholesterol esters from cholesterol and bile acids that can be absorbed by the body. Due to the insoluble and difficult to digest and absorb properties of chitin, all adsorption of heavy metal ions, toxins, and excess cholesterol are eliminated from the body.

2.3 Other effects Sulfonation of carboxymethyl chitin: The resulting product can significantly reduce the number of blood vessels in the tumor mass, inhibit tumor formation and inhibit tumor metastasis.

Chitin is a new material in the 21st century. With the continuous development of science and technology and the deepening of scientific research, chitin/chitosan will open up new applications.