Synthetic diamonds can help improve the compatibility of biomedical implants

Researchers from the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University) have used diamonds for the first time to help improve the body's compatibility with biomedical implants. One of the most commonly used medical implant materials today is titanium metal, a highly reliable metal material that can be quickly tailored to the needs of patients, but our bodies are sometimes repelled by this material. This is due to chemicals in the titanium metal that prevent the effective binding of tissue and bone to the biological implant. Can a material be used to improve the biocompatibility of titanium? RMIT researchers have chosen a special type of material – diamonds, of course, at a cost, synthetic diamonds (synthetic diamonds). This inexpensive material provides a tangible solution to problems that have plagued researchers for a long time. This is the first time that 3D printed synthetic diamonds have been used in biomedical implants, as well as orthopedic surgery involving the musculoskeletal system. The breakthrough was achieved by Dr. Kate Fox, a biomedical engineer at the Department of Engineering at RMIT University, and her team. “Now, the gold standard for medical implants is titanium, but in many cases titanium implants are not as good as the body we want,” says Fox. “To solve this problem, we used 3D synthetic diamond scaffolds to provide a surface coating that would allow common mammalian cells to adhere. We use explosive nanodiamonds to make coatings that are cheaper than titanium powder.” The coating not only provides better cell adhesion, but also promotes the proliferation of mammalian cells. Diamonds enhance the integration of bones and implants in the body, reducing bacterial adhesion over time. “Our diamond coating not only enables 3D printed implants to have better biocompatibility, but also improves their wearing and resistance. This is a super biomaterial.” The study was published in ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. This has led to a breakthrough in the recent advancement of 3D printed titanium stents by RMIT Advanced Manufacturing. This coating was achieved by a microwave plasma process at the Melbourne Nano Manufacturing Center. The titanium scaffold is combined with synthetic diamond to create this composite biomaterial. Fox said that it will take several years for this technology to be applied to patients, but we have completed the initial critical step. Dr. Aaqil Rifai, who participated in the research, said that diamonds are very effective because carbon itself is the main constituent of the human body. “Carbon has incredible biocompatibility,” Rifai said. “Our body is easy to accept and use diamonds as a platform for composite interfaces.” In addition to orthopedics, diamonds are used in vascular stents to help maintain the openness of the heart's arteries, as well as joints, bionics and prostheses. For now, researchers are focusing on how these technologies can be applied to orthopedics.

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