The year is in spring. In order to make this year's agricultural production a good harvest, the majority of farmers should understand the trend of crop pests and diseases this year, implement various comprehensive prevention measures early, and strive to reduce the damage caused by pests and diseases and ensure the increase of agricultural production. Grain crop According to the comprehensive analysis of the wintering base of pests, variety layout, historical insects and weather forecast data, it is expected that the main pests and diseases of grain crops in this city will be lighter in 2017, and the pests will be more serious than diseases, with a total area of ​​about 5.319 million mu. ■Trends ◆ wheat pests The overall incidence is light, the area is about 450,000 mu, the pest is more serious than the disease, and the main types of pests and diseases are wheat powdery mildew, aphids, and midges. · Powdery mildew occurs lightly, with an area of ​​about 60,000 mu, mainly in Fangshan, Shunyi, Daxing, Tongzhou, Miyun and other districts. · Aphids occur moderately, with an area of ​​about 190,000 mu. It is common in the wheat-producing areas of the city, and is mainly caused by ear mites. · The larvae occur lightly, with an area of ​​about 80,000 mu, mainly in the main wheat producing areas such as Shunyi, Tongzhou, Fangshan and Daxing. · Underground pests occur lightly, with an area of ​​about 40,000 mu, mainly caused by alfalfa and golden worms. · Other pests and diseases such as smut, leaf rust, virus disease, red spider, etc. occur lightly, with an area of ​​about 80,000 mu. ◆ corn pests The overall incidence is light, with an area of ​​about 4.73 million mu, and insect pests are more serious than diseases. Commonly occurring pests are corn borer, armyworm, corn borer, brown-horned chest, and other diseases; the main diseases are corn large (small) spot disease, brown spot disease, sheath blight, and Curvularia leaf spot disease. · Drilling pests such as corn borer occur lightly, with an area of ​​about 1.2 million mu. The first generation of corn borer occurred lightly, the second generation corn borer occurred lightly, and the third generation corn borer and drill collar pest occurred partially. · Migratory pests generally occur lightly, and there is a possibility that adult insects will move in. The main types are armyworm, grasshopper, and small tiger. Among them, the second and third generations of armyworms occur lightly, with an area of ​​about 400,000 mu; the first and second generations of grassland are light. · The bandits occur lightly in Yanqing, Miyun, Huairou, Pinggu reservoir areas and surrounding areas, and the degree of occurrence is close to normal. The area is about 30,000 mu. · Other pests occur lightly, with an area of ​​1.4 million mu. The seedling pests mainly include thrips, aphids, and brown-legged chestnuts. In the middle and late stages, there are mainly peach aphid, double-spotted beetle, and cotton bollworm. · Most of the corn diseases occur lightly, with an area of ​​about 1.7 million mu. Spring maize planting areas mainly include large (small) spot disease, tumor black powder disease, sheath blight, brown spot disease; summer corn planting areas mainly include large (small) spot disease, brown spot disease, sheath blight, and curved Spore leaf spot is the main. ◆Sweet potato disease Root rot occurs lightly, occurring in Daxing, with an area of ​​about 0.35 million mu; virus disease occurs lightly, with an area of ​​0.5 million mu; stem nematode disease occurs in Daxing, and occurs in Shunyi and Miyun areas. The area of ​​occurrence is about 0.9 million mu; black spot disease occurs lightly, and the area of ​​occurrence is about 0.15 million mu. ◆Peanut pests and diseases Aphids occur lightly, with an area of ​​about 30,000 mu; underground pests occur lightly, with an area of ​​about 40,000 mu; leaf spot disease occurs lightly, and occurs locally, with an area of ​​about 50,000 mu. ■Forecast basis ◆The wintering base of pests and diseases is low ·The wintering number of locusts is lower than the average annual average. According to the survey of the wintering bases of pests and diseases in the crop pests and pests in each district, the average number of ticks in the wheat stalks is 0.9, which is significantly lower than the average of 8.3 heads and the average of 7 in the previous year. . The occurrence of Daxing District is relatively common, with an average of 1.3 heads and a maximum of 3.2 heads. The wintering base of wheat midges is lower than that of normal years. Before the winter survey, the average number of square insects was 0.8, which was significantly lower than the average of 22.3. Among them, the amount of Fangshan, Daxing and Shunyi was higher, and the maximum number of insects in the single sample was 10 heads. The base number of underground pests is lower than that of normal years. The average number of insects in the winter base is 0.7 heads per square meter, and the highest is 5 heads per square meter, which is lower than the average annual average, which is the same as that of the previous year. The Shunyi and Miyun insects are relatively high; No pathological strains were found in wheat powdery mildew and leaf rust. · The wintering base of corn borer is lower than normal. The average number of live insects is 5.5, which is lower than the average annual average of 19.1, which is 2 lower than the previous year's average of 7.5. Among them, the amount of Daxing and Shunyi insects is slightly higher, and the average number of live worms is 11 and 32, respectively, but the residual amount of straw is not large, and the source of wintering insects will be further reduced. ◆ host crops are good for pests and diseases · The main wheat varieties Nongda 211, Nongda 212, Zhongmai 175 and Nongda 5181 are varieties of powdery mildew, and 987 is better resistant to white powder and stripe rust. In the autumn, the winter wheat seedlings were investigated. The first type of seedlings accounted for 9.1%, which was 14.9 and 21.2 percentage points lower than that of last year and the same period of last year. The second type of seedlings accounted for 17.5%, which was 2.2 percentage points higher than the same period of last year and 6.6 percentage points lower than the same period of the previous year. The seedlings accounted for 35.5%, an increase of 12 and 19.2 percentage points from the same period last year and the same period of last year. In general, the pre-winter group is slightly worse than normal, the proportion of the three types of seedlings is higher, the resistance is low, and the disease is susceptible. · The overall resistance of maize varieties is not strong, and it is susceptible to diseases such as corn leaf spot. ◆Climate factors are conducive to pests and diseases According to the monitoring of the meteorological department, the precipitation in winter in 2016 is less than normal and the temperature is high. It is expected that the precipitation in most parts of the city in February 2017 will be slightly higher than that in normal years. The average temperature is slightly higher, which is conducive to the safe wintering of pests and diseases. In the spring of 2017, precipitation in most parts of the city was slightly less than normal. The average temperature was slightly higher than normal, and there was no adverse effect on the occurrence of pests and diseases. Vegetable crop ■Current pest situation At present, the production of vegetable in the city is in the process of planting and planting, and some greenhouses have been planted. Pests and diseases are generally light, among which tomato diseases occur lightly, gray mold and late blight occur lightly, powdery mildew and leaf mold occur sporadically. The disease of cucumber was generally mild, and downy mildew occurred slightly. Compared with the previous month, the degree of occurrence decreased. Gray mold and powdery mildew occurred lightly, and the prevalence of gray mold increased. Root knot nematode and bacteria Nuclear disease occurs sporadically. The disease of green peppers is generally light, gray mold occurs lightly, and the prevalence rate increases. Early blight and powdery mildew occur sporadically. The disease of eggplant is generally mild, the gray mold is mild, and the degree of occurrence is increased; the sclerotinia disease occurs lightly, and powdery mildew occurs sporadically. Strawberry powdery mildew and gray mold occur lightly, the degree of powdery mildew is reduced, the degree of gray mold is increased, and the rate of individual shed disease is higher. The celery leaf spot disease occurs lightly and the northern area is heavier. The whitefly and the aphid occur lightly, and the density of the whitefly has decreased. Hummers, red spiders, and dragonflies occur sporadically. ■Pest and disease trend forecast According to the forecast of the Beijing Climate Center, precipitation in most parts of the city in February was more than normal. The temperature was higher than normal, and the cold air activity and windy weather were weak. The nursery shed is prone to rickets and blight. Production sheds are prone to eggplant vegetable gray mold, melon, leafy vegetable downy mildew; strawberry powdery mildew, gray mold, vegetable sclerotinia; powdery cockroach, thrips and other facilities vegetables small pests with temperature When it is raised, the density of the insect population will increase. ■Protection and control measures · Pay attention to weather changes, take precautionary measures in advance; strengthen field management, rationally fertilize water, release air and drain moisture, avoid excessive humidity in the shed and sudden drop in temperature. · Do a good job in disinfection of seedling sheds and prevention of pests and diseases to ensure the health of seedlings; strengthen the management of sheds before and after transplanting, and improve the survival rate of transplanting. · Strengthen the management of the shed room during the production period, timely monitoring, early prevention and control; after the crop is harvested, the residue will be treated harmlessly, and the spread of pests and diseases will be reduced from the source. More pesticide knowledge , please pay attention to China Pesticide Network Customized Handle,Matte Gold Door Handle,Black Copper Wardrobe Handle,Electric Four-Wheel Door Handle Zhaoqing Muyi Hardware Products Co., Ltd , https://www.muyihardware.com
The trend of pests and diseases is well understood