Lithium niobate photonic chip research progress

Lithium niobate photonic chip research progress

Quantum information technology is one of the most attractive areas in the 21st century. It uses the superposition principle and entanglement properties of the quantum world to make information processing show great advantages in terms of capacity, speed, and accuracy. It will become a supporting technology in the post-Moore era. However, the practical application of this technology still faces great challenges. How to improve the chip performance by reducing the cost and improving the chip performance has become a key issue in this field.

Recently, the Scientific Research Team of Academician Zhu Shining of Nanjing University’s School of Physics realized the first quantum optical chip based on lithium niobate, and successfully integrated such functional units as entangled photon source, electro-optic modulator, and photonic interferometer in the same optical superlattice. On the lithium photonic chip, an integrated design of entangled photon generation and regulation is realized, and the fast switching of entangled photons to the bunched state and the separated state is completed.

Figure 1 shows the internal structure and appearance of the chip. The entire chip is divided into three areas. Area I is the processing of classical pumping lasers, mainly the beam splitting and phase modulation of pump light. Area II is the domain reversal area, also known as the optical superlattice area. The path pump light is transformed into a degenerate entangled photon pair, and a path bunched state is obtained. Region III is the treatment of entangled photons, using waveguide couplers to achieve Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference and filtering of pump light.

If the two optical paths in the path bunching state generated in the II region have the same phase, then the bunched state is separated by the HOM. For the general path bunching state with phase difference, the superposition and the bunched state superposition are obtained after the interference. The lithium niobate chip can work stably at room temperature, the operating voltage is only 0-3.55V, the regulation rate can reach 40GHz, and the photon pair yield in the optical superlattice region is 1.1×107Hz nm-1 mW-1, which is a bright one. The tunable chip quantum light source has obvious advantages compared with the silicon photonic chip. The chip's input and output are directly connected to the fiber head and cured. The chip size is 5cm * 5mm, high stability, easy to carry, and practical.

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