Introduction to hydraulic tools

The function of the power element is to convert the mechanical energy of the prime mover into the pressure energy of the liquid, referring to the oil pump in the hydraulic system, which provides power to the entire hydraulic system. The hydraulic pump is generally constructed in the form of a gear pump, a vane pump and a plunger pump. Actuating elements (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) convert the pressure energy of the liquid into mechanical energy, driving the load for linear reciprocating or swiveling motion. Control elements (ie various hydraulic valves) control and regulate the pressure, flow and direction of the liquid in the hydraulic system.

Depending on the control function, hydraulic valves can be divided into pressure control valves, flow control valves and directional control valves. The pressure control valve is further divided into a relief valve (safety valve), a pressure reducing valve, a sequence valve, a pressure relay, etc.; the flow control valve includes a throttle valve, a regulating valve, a split flow collecting valve, etc.; the directional control valve includes a one-way valve, Hydraulic control check valve, shuttle valve, reversing valve, etc. According to different control methods, hydraulic valves can be divided into switch control valves, fixed value control valves and proportional control valves. Auxiliary components include fuel tanks, oil filters, oil pipes and fittings, seals, pressure gauges, oil level oil gauges, etc. Hydraulic oil is the working medium for transferring energy in hydraulic systems. There are various types of mineral oil, emulsion and synthetic hydraulic oil. The principle of hydraulic pressure yèyā It is composed of two liquid cylinders of different sizes, filled with water or oil in the cylinder. Water-filled is called "hydraulic press"; oil-filled is called "hydraulic press".

There is a slidable piston in each of the two cylinders. If a certain pressure is applied to the small piston, according to Pascal's law, the small piston transmits this pressure to the large piston through the pressure of the liquid, and the large piston is lifted up. Let the cross-sectional area of ​​the small piston be S1 and the downward pressure applied to the small piston be F1. Therefore, the pressure of the small piston against the liquid is P=F1/SI, which can be transmitted by the liquid in all directions without change. The pressure received by the large piston must also be equal to P. If the cross-sectional area of ​​the large piston is S2, the pressure is The upward pressure F2=PxS2 cross-sectional area generated by P on the large piston is a multiple of the cross-sectional area of ​​the small piston. From the above formula, adding a small force to the small piston will result in a large piston. For this purpose, a hydraulic press is used to press plywood, press oil, extract heavy objects, forge steel, and the like.

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