Since the Qinshan Nuclear Power Station was built in 1991, China’s nuclear energy industry has gone through more than 20 years of development. How do you view the status quo of nuclear power development? How to deal with the risks that nuclear power may bring? Recently, in the “Scientists and the Media Face to Face†event held by the China Association for Science and Technology, Ye Qiwei, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and deputy director of the China National Nuclear Industry Corporation’s Science and Technology Commission, Xiao Xuefu, deputy chief of the ionizing radiation dose station of the National Defense Science and Technology Industry, and a doctoral supervisor Yu Yuyang, associate professor of engineering at Tsinghua University, expressed his opinion. Nuclear Power in China Has Its Advantages Ye Qichen said that China’s nuclear power is mostly established after the 1990s, so that it can make full use of the international experience in building and operating nuclear power. In fact, the nuclear power plants under construction in China are built with the most advanced technology in the world and have the advantage of being late in development. At present, the operating level of all nuclear power generating units is at the international upper middle level. Ye Qichen introduced that the IAEA combines nuclear incidents with nuclear accidents and is divided into 7 levels. Level 0 is normal operation without any problems; Level 1 is an event, not an accident, if some parameters exceed the requirements stipulated by the competent authority, etc.; Level 2 has no effect on the environment, but some devices may be faulty and have potential The impact; to four or more is called an accident. The nuclear accident in Fukushima, Japan, was initially classified into five grades. Later, it was found that the amount of radiation was considerable and was determined to be seven grades. "There is no second-level or higher level in China and it is basically normal, so our country's nuclear power is quite safe." Ye Qizheng said that following the nuclear accident in Fukushima, Japan, China put forward eight countermeasures, which are very short. It will be improved in time. Ye Qichen said that the principle of China's nuclear power development is "strategic struggle." He explained that under the global trend of low-carbon development, mastering advanced nuclear energy technology will become a symbol of core competitiveness. Nuclear energy will become a strategic high-tech field. It is necessary to form an independent brand of nuclear industry and strive to achieve a strategic competitive advantage. . The best choice for sustainable development Xiao Xuefu pointed out that nuclear power has an irreplaceable role in changing energy structure, breaking the bottleneck of resources and environment, ensuring energy security, and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. The monitoring data shows that modern thermal power generation not only “eats†but also “pulls onâ€. Xiao Xuefu, for example, took a 1 million-kilowatt coal-fired power station as an example. Apart from discharging more than 200,000 tons of slag each year, it also emits 6 to 7 million tons of carbon dioxide, 50,000 to 100,000 tons of sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. There are 20,000 to 30,000 tons of material, 30,000 to 60,000 tons of carbon monoxide, 20,000 to 30,000 tons of particulate matter, and a lot of waste hot water. Slag and flue gas also contain about 400 tons of heavy metals (such as lead, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, etc.). Xiao Xuefu said that since the main fuel for coal-fired power generation—coal-fired coal is taken underground, it contains more or less natural radioactive uranium-238, radium-226, antimony-232, and potassium-40. These natural radionuclides are After combustion, it is discharged into the environment with flue gas and fly ash, or concentrated in the waste residue. "Although the radioactive radiation emitted by coal-fired power plants will cause humans to generate additional radiation absorbed doses that are within the limits of national standards, it is much larger than the additional radiation doses to humans caused by radionuclides emitted from normal operation of nuclear power plants of the same power. This point, both at home and abroad have proof of monitoring data.†Xiao Xuefu said. Nuclear power does not emit pollutants such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Xiao Xuefu said that a 1 million-kilowatt nuclear power plant burns only 20 to 30 tons of nuclear fuel a year, while a 1 million-kilowatt coal-fired power plant burns 2 to 3 million tons of standard coal a year. The burning of coal requires about 100 trains of leather per day, while the same size of nuclear power plants requires only a few trucks to transport the fuel used throughout the year. Need to pay attention to nuclear power security measures Yu Xiaoyang once presided over and undertook research on the key scientific issues of China's 973 Plan Supercritical Water Cooled Reactor, the research on the passive containment cooling system of the large advanced PWR during the 9th Five Year Project, the development of the Yankee Fuel Advanced Reactor and the analysis of the heavy water reactor channel of international cooperation projects. Program development, and research on the behavior of hydrogen in the containment under severe accidents. He said that the overall safety goal for nuclear power plants is to establish and maintain an effective protective measure in nuclear power plants to ensure that workers, the public and the environment are protected from excessive radiation risks. Nuclear power plants also have relatively common hazards that any industry can cause, but from the overall goal of nuclear power safety, it can be seen that the nuclear power plant focuses on its most prominent problem - radiation safety. According to the limits set by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the 5-year dose limit for professionals is 100 millisieverts, of which no one exceeds 50 millisieverts per year, and the annual dose limit for residents is 1 millisievert. Yu Yuyang introduced that in accordance with the principle of defense in depth, a nuclear power plant that implements accident prevention and accident mitigation measures, the probability of a serious core melting accident should be lower than the negative 4th power of 10 per year of the operating reactor, but this index is still not satisfactory. The International Atomic Energy Agency's International Safety Advisory Group (INSAG) proposed that more advanced indicators should be reached, and the probability of core melting accidents does not exceed the negative 5th power of 10 years per reactor year. For the public to talk about nuclear dislocation, Yu Xiaoyang believes that the elimination of panic needs to strengthen the release and communication of information. Only complete information is released to the public, allowing the public to make prepared choices, which will help eliminate unnecessary panic. "Practice has proved that nuclear energy is an economical and safe energy source and a green energy source free from greenhouse gas emissions. In the future world energy demand, nuclear energy should play its role, and it must play a huge role," Yu Xiaoyang said.
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Analysis of the status quo of China's nuclear power development