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The liquid metal is cooled and solidified to finally obtain a qualified casting that meets various application requirements. The following key issues should be properly addressed during the production process.
(1) Formation and control of crystallization and solidification structure
The structure of the liquid metal, the formation and growth of the nucleus, the size, direction and morphology of the grains are closely related to the solidification structure of the casting, and they have a significant influence on the physical properties and mechanical properties of the casting. The purpose of controlling the solidification structure of the casting is to obtain the desired structure. To control the solidification structure, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding and in-depth study of its formation mechanism, formation process and influencing factors. At present, effective methods for controlling tissue have been established, such as deterioration, gestation, dynamic formation, sequential solidification, and rapid solidification.
(2) Casting dimensional accuracy and surface roughness control
In many areas of modern manufacturing, the requirements for dimensional accuracy and appearance quality of castings are increasing. The Near Net Shape Processes technology changes the traditional concept that casting can only provide blanks, with the aim of reducing material consumption. Energy consumption, work consumption, and improve the internal and external quality of products, and strive for market and high efficiency. However, casting dimensional accuracy and surface roughness are difficult to control due to many factors (such as the effect of the mold surface, solidification thermal stress, solidification shrinkage, etc.). The castings are liquid-formed and have a unique advantage in achieving near-net shape. In terms of structure, the inner cavity and shape of the casting are once formed by casting, so that they are close to the final shape of the part, minimizing the processing and assembly processes; In terms of dimensional accuracy and surface quality, the casting can be close to the final requirements of the product, and the remaining amount or small margin can be achieved; on the other hand, the retained original surface of the casting is beneficial to maintain the corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance of the casting. Thereby improving product life. Efforts to improve the dimensional accuracy of castings and reduce surface roughness, and advance the development of casting near-net shape technology is the future direction.
Key issues in foundry production
Key issues in solidification of liquid metal