The metal halide perovskite was found to be suitable as a photovoltaic material for only ten years. Today, perovskite solar cells have developed to be almost as efficient as the best traditional silicon-based cells. If they can be produced simply and quickly by printing, there is great hope that they will become an efficient and low-cost battery option. In the process of its commercialization, the main obstacle came from the stability of the perovskite equipment. Usually, the stability of the perovskite device during actual operation is evaluated mainly by continuous lighting or outdoor testing in the laboratory. The disadvantage of the first method is that it does not take into account that the irradiance and temperature will change with the change of day and night and season in the real world. Based on the fact that the response time of perovskite solar cells is very slow, these factors are particularly important. On the other hand, outdoor testing requires the equipment to be tightly sealed to prevent it from being affected by bad weather. However, packaging mainly solves parasitic failure mechanisms, and these mechanisms are not necessarily related to the perovskite material itself. To avoid this dilemma, Wolfgang Tress, a scientist in the Anders Hagfeldt laboratory of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), and his colleagues in the Michael Grötzel laboratory, brought real-world conditions into the controlled environment of the laboratory in. Using data from a weather station near Lausanne, they copied real-world temperature and irradiance curves at specific times of the year. Through this method, scientists can quantify the energy production of perovskite solar cells under actual conditions. "This is the final determinant of the practical application of solar cells." Tress said. The research results published recently in the journal Nature-Energy found that changes in temperature and irradiance will not affect the performance of perovskite solar cells in any dramatic way. Although the efficiency of the battery will drop slightly during the day, it will recover at night. "This study provides further steps for evaluating the performance and reliability of perovskite solar cells under actual operating conditions." Tress said. (Compiled by Ji Hongmei) Fabe outlet covers are unique design that make it easy to mount and to remove. Securely locked for the socket would keep your children from the damage of electricity. Besides protecting children, these are useful for covering up outlets to secure your cute pets, minimize air leaks and prevent fires. Also ABS material would make it durable to use. Baby Electrical Safety Outlet Cover,Outlet Cover ,Reliable Outlet Cover,Multi-Function Outlet Cover Ningbo Fabe Child Safety Co., Ltd. , https://www.fabesafe.com
Perovskite solar cells in the laboratory
The true energy efficiency of perovskite solar cells can be evaluated