Potato sclerotium disease, also known as black smut, is shortly germinated, and the young stems are black and brown and the upper part is asymptomatic. It seriously affects the yield and yield of potatoes, and timely pesticide control is necessary. China's pesticide network Xiaobian finishing related prevention and control materials, for the majority of farmers friends to learn:
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Symptoms show that the second and third young stems of the newborn under the dead stem are also infected, resulting in delayed sprouting. The seedlings are not uniform. Lack of seedlings, mostly after the growth of the stem; in the middle of the growth of the stem base or underground stems appear brown lesions, the lower leaves are yellow and curly, the parietal leaves are small, slightly wilting and poorly stretched, and purple-red. This stem, the transport of assimilates to the lower part of the ground is blocked. The upper part of the lesion is abnormally hypertrophied, and the axillary bud is hypertrophic. The stems also appear brown to dark brown lesions. The lesions surround the stolon for one week, and the top is rotted and stops growing. As a result of the formation of stolons and repeated infections, the growth of new tubers was blocked and the tubers were delayed. As the stolons become shorter, the new tubers gather near the main stem, so the new tubers are easily deformed or exposed to the ground. At the same time, the contact between the tubers causes the surface to be a tortoiseshell.
pathogen:
According to the pesticide network , the primary infestation source is the pathogen that lives in the soil and the sclerotium attached to the surface of the seed potato. Pathogens that overwinter in the soil invade the stems or roots, forming sclerotia on the tubers, which infect the stolons and roots along with the growth of young stems and potatoes.
Control method:
(1) Selecting resistant varieties according to local conditions. Rugao, Plateau System, Victory No. 1 are more resistant to disease.
(2) Establish disease-free seeding fields and plant them with disease-free potatoes.
(3) Rotation. It is recommended that the non-host plants should be rotated for more than 2-3 years, and the seriously ill areas that cannot be rotated should be deeply cultivated to reduce the disease.
(4) Strengthen cultivation management. In areas with severe disease, especially in high-altitude cold mountainous areas, special attention should be paid to timely sowing to avoid early sowing; reasonable close planting, attention to ventilation and light transmission, low-lying land should be sorghum cultivation, timely drainage after rain, and timely clearing after harvest.
(5) Chemical control.
1 kind of potato disinfection. 50% carbendazim WP 500 times or 50% thiram double wettable powder before sowing.
2 At the beginning of the disease, spray 3.2% of the carbamide solution (Keuching Star) 300 times solution or 20% methyl chlorophosphorus emulsifiable oil 1200 times solution and 36% thiophanate-methyl suspension 600 times solution. In addition, 30% double emulsifiable concentrate 200-375mg / kg irrigation, there is a certain control effect. A transplanting mixture can also be applied.
Commonly used pesticides are: carbendazim, transplanting spirit, carbamide, methyl chlorpyrifos, thiophanate-methyl, bismuth, thiram.
Analysis of the best plan for prevention and treatment of potato tubercosis