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Industry development has begun to take up 40% of the world's production
Since the promulgation of China's "Renewable Energy Law" in 2005, especially in the "power transmission to the township" project, large-scale photovoltaic power station demonstration projects and the international market, China's solar photovoltaic power generation industry has developed rapidly.
It is understood that China has formed an industrial chain including high-purity polysilicon manufacturing, silicon ingot/wafer production, solar cell manufacturing, photovoltaic module packaging and photovoltaic system application. Photovoltaic equipment manufacturing and some photovoltaic supporting industries have also developed rapidly. .
Dr. Shen Lin, deputy dean of Chengdu New Energy Industry and Technology Research Institute, said that at present, the number of enterprises engaged in the photovoltaic industry in China has reached more than 580, and the number of employees is about 300,000. In 2009, China's polysilicon, silicon wafers, solar cells and module production capacity accounted for 25%, 65%, 51% and 61% of the global total capacity respectively; solar cell production also accounted for more than 40% of the total global solar cell production; photovoltaic industry The amount of foreign exchange earned from exports was approximately $15.8 billion.
According to reports, in recent years, domestic PV companies have fully utilized the two major market factors of domestic and foreign capital and talents, and their strength has been continuously enhanced. A number of large-scale solar cell manufacturers such as Tianwei New Energy, Wuxi Suntech and Yingli have emerged, and they have become international. Leading the ranks.
According to the statistics of the European Photovoltaic Association, in 2009, among the top 10 solar cell companies in the world, Chinese companies occupied 4 seats. Shen Lin said that the photovoltaic industry has become one of the few industries in China that can compete with international companies on the same starting line, and is one of the most strategic emerging industries in China that are promising to cultivate competitive advantages on a global scale.
90% of products are exported abroad
Energy saving and emission reduction appear upside down
With the rapid development of the global new energy industry, China's photovoltaic industry has also grown into a major producer of global photovoltaic products, and more than 90% of its photovoltaic products are exported to Europe and the United States.
Tianwei New Energy Holdings Co., Ltd. is a state-owned holding company mainly engaged in photovoltaic power generation products. It has a pivotal position in the global photovoltaic market and ranks among the top ten solar cell manufacturers in the world. Zhao Xiusheng, secretary of the company's party committee, said that the products produced by the company are all sold to European and American markets, and there are almost no domestic orders.
The market status of Tianwei New Energy is a microcosm of the market situation of China's photovoltaic industry. Relevant statistics show that in 2008, China's solar cell production exceeded 2,000 megawatts, of which more than 97% were exported. The main export targets were Germany, Italy, Spain, Greece and other countries. In 2009, although the proportion of exports decreased, it still accounted for more than 90%.
A serious reality of the export of large-scale new energy products to foreign countries is the formation of the phenomenon of “new energy exports to foreign countries and carbon emissions left in the countryâ€.
According to data from China Power Enterprise Association and European Photovoltaic Association collected by Tianwei New Energy, the total installed capacity of China's power installed capacity in 2009 was 874,000 MW, of which the cumulative installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation was only over 300 MW, and the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation accounted for the installed capacity of power. The total capacity is less than four ten thousandths.
In addition, the "export-oriented" market structure also makes China's photovoltaic industry development rely heavily on the international market. Once the international market shows large fluctuations, it will affect the healthy development of the entire industrial chain.
Dr. Zhang Tao, deputy general manager of Tianwei New Energy, told reporters that PV companies make full use of the large-scale export of PV products made in China, which not only forms an unfavorable situation for the development of the industry, but also brings huge risks to the entire industry. The energy consumed has not been compensated and regenerated in the country, and the Chinese people have not enjoyed the environmental benefits of photovoltaic power generation products.
China's photovoltaic market has great potential
China is recognized as the world's largest PV market in the future, but this market has not really started.
Chengdu Shuangliu County is China's third national “new energy high-tech industrial baseâ€. One of the main tasks of the county's new energy industry promotion office, Pu Guisen, is to work with the leaders of new energy companies to study the development and promotion of new energy industries.
He told reporters that so far, China has only launched the industrial support policy of “Guangming Plan†and “Golden Sun Planâ€, and its demand for photovoltaic products is extremely small. According to statistics, these two "national plans" plus scattered photovoltaic projects in some places, the domestic demand for photovoltaic products in 2009 is only 258MW, while the total output of solar cells in China in that year was 4000MW.
In view of the embarrassing situation of China's photovoltaic power generation market with huge potential and extremely small application, industry experts and practitioners believe that China should adopt active policy measures and expand the domestic demand for photovoltaic products for China's photovoltaic industry. Continuous development and assistance.
Zhao Yuwen, vice chairman of the China Renewable Energy Society and director of the Photovoltaic Branch of the China Solar Energy Society, believes that the area of ​​new buildings in China is huge every year. If we plan to carry out the integration of photovoltaic buildings from now on, we can play a role in energy conservation and emission reduction in China. A very large role, and buildings that have been transformed by photovoltaic building integration can be added with the concept of “greenâ€, resulting in more benefits.
He said that at present, China's total housing construction area is about 50 billion square meters, of which the available building area is about 10 billion square meters. If 20% of the area is installed with solar photovoltaic systems, there will be 200,000 megawatts of rooftop photovoltaic resources. It can be seen that the installation of solar photovoltaic systems in existing buildings also has broad market prospects.
"In addition, China can also vigorously develop off-grid small-scale photovoltaic power generation systems to solve the problem of electricity consumption in areas far from the main power grid." Pu Guisen said that not only can save a lot of structural grid costs, but also provide domestic photovoltaic industry. A new market application direction.
Technical reserve and talent cultivation are another basic guarantee for the sustainable and healthy development of the photovoltaic industry. It is understood that the photovoltaic industry is a technology-led industry. Taking solar cell production as an example, for every 1% increase in conversion rate, it can reduce the cost by 5%.
“So, the key to the rapid development of the entire industry lies in talent and innovation.†Liao Weizhong, deputy county magistrate of Shuangliu County, suggested that since the country has established “new energy national high-tech industrial bases†in Baoding, Henan, Nanyang and Sichuan Shuangliu, We should give full play to the important role of these three bases, establish their "through trains" with relevant state ministries, reduce the administrative approval and policy support for the development of new energy industries, and build these three bases into "the birthplace of new technologies, The place where the new product is produced and the place where the talent is cultivated."
There are still three key issues to be solved
Although China's photovoltaic industry has grown into a significant force in the international new energy market, its industrial environment and development prospects are still far behind that of some large photovoltaic power generation countries in Europe and America, mainly due to the lack of industry standards and on-grid tariffs. The three major problems of the revival of the power grid.
One of the key issues: speeding up the development of industry standards. Taking the polysilicon material in the upstream of the industry as an example, due to the lack of access standards, China's polysilicon industry once had disorderly development and low-level repeated construction in the early stage of development. In particular, some small and medium-sized enterprises are tempted by the high price of polysilicon, blindly using low-cost but highly polluting technologies for production, and the low-end products they produce have adversely affected the development of the industry.
Shen Lin, deputy dean of Chengdu New Energy Industry Technology Research Institute, said that the United States, Germany and other countries are also the major polysilicon producers in the world today, but there is no serious pollution phenomenon because of strict access standards and thresholds. However, due to the lack of polysilicon access standards in China, some enterprises and individuals do not understand technology to engage in polysilicon, resulting in pollution and low-end products, which fully demonstrates the importance of standards and norms for an industry.
It is understood that there is still a considerable gap between the standardization work of China's photovoltaic industry and the international advanced level, as well as the domestic industry and market development needs. Although China has officially introduced dozens of national standards for the photovoltaic industry, the standard specifications of the entire industry are still far apart, and the defect rate is as high as 80%, especially in the field of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation systems, photovoltaic building integration systems, etc. Still blank.
The second key issue: to clarify the on-grid price of photovoltaic power generation as soon as possible. It is understood that China's "Renewable Energy Law" clearly stipulates the "on-grid tariff" and "net-wide" regulations, but still has not included photovoltaic power generation into the "on-grid price", and insisted on "one-on-one discussion" The bidding method has affected the development of the domestic PV market.
Zhao Yuwen also believes that regulations and policies are the biggest driving force in the initial stage of the development of the photovoltaic industry. He said that over the years, many countries have adopted dozens of incentive policies to promote the development of renewable energy, but the effects are very limited. After Germany formulated the "On-grid Electricity Price Law", the photovoltaic market quickly started and promoted the rapid development of technology and industry.
The data shows that in 2009, Germany added 3,800 megawatts of photovoltaic power generation capacity, accounting for 53% of the world, bringing its total installed capacity to 9134 MW, which has produced huge economic and social benefits and presented significant environmental benefits.
The third key issue: intelligent transformation of China's existing power grid. Zhao Xiusheng said that solar photovoltaic power generation is a poorly regulated energy source. Day and night changes, changes in meteorological conditions, and seasonal changes will all affect power generation. Since photovoltaic grid-connected power generation systems do not have peak shaving and frequency modulation capabilities, they are connected to the grid. Admission capacity raises higher requirements. In the face of poorly controllable photovoltaic power generation, the domestic power grid has not been upgraded to match the degree. "To achieve a new round of 'energy revolution' with the goal of developing clean energy, the realization of the revolution of the power grid is a prerequisite. It is necessary to establish a 'smart grid' that can adapt to the characteristics of clean energy intermittent power generation and has the characteristics of informationization, automation and interaction. '."
In the interview, the reporter learned that to realize the intelligentization of the power grid, it means increasing investment in the power grid. Foreign experience shows that the reasonable ratio of power supply to grid investment should be around 1:1. However, China has long neglected the investment in the construction of the power grid. Although the investment in the power grid has been greatly improved in recent years, so far, the cumulative investment in the power grid is still only about 40% of the total investment in power generation, causing a large amount of power grid development. Accounts, the development lag problem is extremely prominent.
Production of large countries using small country photovoltaic industry, energy saving and emission reduction
As an important representative of the new energy industry, the photovoltaic industry has developed rapidly in China and has grown into a major force in the international new energy market and a major producer of global photovoltaic products. But unfortunately, more than 90% of the photovoltaic products produced in China have been exported to foreign countries, forming a phenomenon of “new energy exports and carbon emissions left behindâ€.