First, find a solution to the wall problem If you have considered using latex paint for wall decoration, you must understand some basic knowledge and know how to find solutions when you encounter the following problems. First, the wall cracking: This phenomenon is the most common, the specific reasons for the situation may be, if it is GRC lightweight partitions, then the joints should be carefully done anti-crack treatment, generally with glass cloth or kraft paper, partition board Its characteristics are easy to appear small cracks, so the family decoration in order to ensure that the occurrence of cracking phenomenon is best to fully paste the glass fiber cloth or bean bag cloth, such as bearing walls or solid walls, cracking may be due to construction of putty is too thick or short interval of putty In this case, there are many cases where the old house is rebuilt to level out. Second, the wall flowers, uneven color: the main color is not the same grassroots, there is no treatment, this situation must be filled with scraping putty or brush to cover it again. In addition, when selecting the materials, it is necessary to pay attention to selecting the same manufacturer, the same variety, and the same lot number, otherwise there will be a color difference. Third, the surface roughness: The main reason is that the grassroots processing is not clean, the brush has sand, debris or * for the environment is not clean. Preventive measures include grassroots clean handling, brush cleaning, and environmental protection. Fourth, from the skin: The main reason is that the base is too smooth or oily, preventive measures with a steel brush bristles to the grass and clean, oil with solvent for decontamination. Second, the ground construction problems First, empty tiles facing the floor (a) Phenomenon After the laying of marble, granite, tile and other decorative tiles, a sound of empty drums was struck with a small hammer, and some of the facing bricks were loosened when people walked. (b) Reasons 1. The grassroots dries up, the watering wets not enough, causes the cement mortar to lose the water quickly, the bond strength of the brick and the mortar reduces; The cement mortar or the adhesive paving or the brushing takes too long, the mud air-drys, cannot have the adhesive effect. 2. The mortar did not add much, and the bonding layer did not work. 3. The grass-roots treatment is not clean or the prefabricated bricks are not soaked in wet or un-removed bricks on the back of the bricks before construction. The dried bricks quickly absorb the moisture in the cement mortar, resulting in dehydration of the mortar and affecting the setting hardening. 4. When the construction is not full of mortar to form an empty drum, or the mortar is too thick, and the hammering is too heavy, the mortar sinks, the water floats, and the adhesive strength of the mortar weakens. 5. After the mortar solidified, the brick removal was corrected. (III) Measures 1. Treat the grass-roots level as required, and do not collect water when watering the wet ground. 2. When using cement mortar, cement mortar is best dry mortar. With 425 cement, the ratio of cement to sand is 1:2 to 4. 3. The tile is soaked in water before laying to remove surface floating soil. 4. Strictly according to construction specifications*. Second, the veneer joints are uneven, the size of the seam is not uniform. (a) Phenomenon After the laying of marble tiles, granite tiles, wall tiles, etc., the adjacent plates are uneven and the gaps are uneven. (b) Reasons 1. Strict purchase and selection of plates, plate thickness, size error, warping, skew and other defects. 2. There was no attention to leveling and lengthening the cable when paving. 3. The cement mortar or glue is pressed during the coagulation process to loosen the binding layer of the cement mortar or the adhesive and the facing brick. (III) Measures 1. The purchase and selection of plates must be strict and reject unqualified. 2. According to the provisions of the construction, at any time with the level and ruler leveling, the gap to lengthen the cable. 3. Do not tread before condensation. Third, walking on the wooden floor sound (a) Phenomenon Walking on the wooden floor, there are sounds on the wooden floor. (b) Reasons 1. Wooden keel or wool floor is not firmly installed. 2. Wooden keels or wood floors have low moisture content, shrink after drying and cause loosening. 3. The wood floor is not firmly installed. (III) Measures 1. Strictly control the quality of wood, especially the moisture content, and prevent it from being soaked in water after entering the site. 2. Wooden keels are firmly installed according to regulations. 3. Wooden floor nails stick firmly. After nailing and sticking inspection at any time and place, does not meet the requirements of timely repairs. Fourth, the wooden floor surface is not smooth, local drums (a) Phenomenon The surface of the wooden floor is uneven, with partial drums or partial tilts. (b) Reasons 1. Wood is deformed by moisture. 2. There is no moisture-proof layer on the wet ground, and wood floors are directly laid, and the wooden floor is damp. 3. During the construction, the depth of the projectile is not allowed. When the plane is leveled, the mast is not straight. 4. The wood floor is not firmly installed. 5. When the floor leveling day, shaved uneven. (III) Measures 1. Prevent wood from getting damp. 2. Wet floors were covered with high wood flooring and a moisture barrier must be provided. 3. Correct the horizontal line before laying the floor and surface floor, and adjust the error in time. 4. Wooden floor nails stick firmly. 5. Correctly use it as a planer to master the technique of manual netting. Third, ceiling construction common problems One, uneven ceiling (a) Phenomenon The ceiling is uneven, sloping or partially wavy. (b) Reasons 1. The elevation of the ceiling was not identified, or the line was not clear, and the local elevation was wrong. 2. The ceiling spacing is too large and the keel deforms too much. 3. Wooden keel ceiling wood moisture content, shrinkage deformation. 4. When using wood screws, the distance between the screws and the edge of the gypsum board is inconsistent. (III) Measures 1. The water column method is used to find the elevation line around the wall. The bullet line is clear and the position is accurate. 2. Light steel keel boom spacing should be 1200 ~ 1500 mm, not too large. 3. The wood used meets the requirements and is firmly fixed. 4. The distance between the screw and the edge of the board or the end of the board must not be less than 10 mm, nor more than 16 mm. The middle screw of the plate must not be more than 200 mm apart. Second, paper plaster ceiling seam cracking (a) Phenomenon Gypsum board ceiling, after a period of time, cracks in the gypsum board joints. (b) Reasons 1. The structure of the slot joints is not reasonable. 2. Gypsum board quality is poor, expansion and contraction deformation. 3. Caulking putty quality is poor. 4. Improper construction measures. 5. Ceiling keel is not fixed. Five points of the cable When decorating a dark wire, you need to grasp the following five main points: —— Before construction, fully consider the electrical and lighting equipment required for each functional area, and use this as a basis to roughly calculate the cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding wire for each road. High-quality copper core sheathed cables and concealed junction boxes should be used as far as possible to avoid aging and breaking, resulting in difficulty in panel installation. - Draw the distribution diagrams of various residential circuits, and set the coordinates and heights of various lamps, switches, sockets, and distribution boards to determine the alignment of the routes and branches. The wires are best chosen in different colors in order to identify different circuits. - It is best to lay the power cord after it is put through the flame retardant pipe. In the ceiling of flammable structures, fire-retardant pipe must be added, and a power switch should be provided outside the ceiling to cut off the power supply when necessary. All wire connections should be inside the junction box. - The total capacity of the indoor lines should not exceed 3000 watts per minute, and the load current of each single-phase circuit should not exceed 15 amps. Air conditioners and other large household appliances should set up special lines. ——The installation height of the switch is generally 1,200-13,050 mm from the ground, the height of the socket is generally 200-300 mm, and the height of the switchboard is preferably 1800-2000 mm. Door and window installation FAQ First, the overall stiffness of the door and window frame (a) Phenomenon Sliding or opening doors or windows or encountering windy weather, the door and window frames are shaking. (b) Reasons 1. Improper selection of profiles, small sections, and insufficient strength. The prevention of aluminum alloy door and window materials does not meet the requirements. Plastic steel door and window material quality failed. 2. The lining steel configuration of the steel doors and windows does not conform to the standard, and the steel walls are thin and of poor strength; the lining steel is inserted in sections, which does not form an integral reinforcing effect; the lining steel and plastic profiles are not firmly connected. 3. The installation node is not in accordance with the specification. 4. There are no different fixing methods depending on the wall. (III) Measures 1. The specifications and quantity of door and window frame profiles conform to national standards. The thickness of the outer frame of the aluminum alloy profile shall not be less than 2.4 mm. Plastic window material thickness should not be less than 2.5 mm. 2. Check the appearance of plastic profiles. Qualified profiles should be white or ivory white, clean and smooth. Better quality protective film. 3. According to the size of doors and windows and installation height, profile section should be selected. Casement window is not less than 55 series, and sliding window is not less than 75 series. 4. In strict accordance with the provisions of the provisions of the installation, to ensure solid and stable. Second, door and window leakage (a) Phenomenon 1. Leakage between the door frame and the surrounding wall. 2. Sliding window sinks into the tank and seeps into the window. (b) Reasons 1. Door and window frames and walls are cemented with cement mortar. 2. The gap between the window frame and the wall is not strict and there is a gap. 3. The door and window process failed, and the window frame and the window sash did not combine. 4. The sash seals were not installed and water penetrated through the sash glass gap. 5. The window frame has no drainage holes. (III) Measures 1. Door and window frames and walls shall not be caulked with cement mortar. Should be flexible connection, sealed with sealant, no gaps. 2. Before the installation, check whether the doors and windows are qualified, whether the combination between the window frame and the sash is strict, and whether the sash sealing strip is installed is qualified. 3. There is more than 50 mm gap between the window frame and the hole to make the window sill able to make the water flow slope. 4. The bottom frame of the frame and the orbital root should be drilled. Third, the color difference between doors and windows (a) Phenomenon The color of the adjacent doors, windows or window frames does not match the color of the fan. (b) Reasons Material is not the same factory product, or the same batch of products, or different grades of products. (III) Measures 1. You should use the same manufacturer's products for the selected profiles, and prepare them once at a time. 2. Pay attention to the color of the ingredients before cutting, and avoid using materials with large color difference in the same door and window. VI. Acceptance of hidden projects In home decoration, some hidden projects are indispensable, and the laying of pipelines and embedding is the focus of hidden projects. Pipeline pre-embedded projects include: lines - power lines, telephone lines, television signal transmission lines, intercom systems, security anti-theft system wires, audio surround system wires, etc.; pipelines - water pipes, sewage pipes, heating pipes, Gas pipes, water heaters, etc. In the specialized construction, strict requirements are placed on the selection of materials and construction steps. Only by mastering these specific construction requirements can we effectively supervise the quality of hidden projects. All kinds of wire power lines shall be laid by using dark pipes. The conductors shall be copper plastic wires with a cross-sectional area greater than or equal to 5mm. The ground and wall shall be laid with rigid PVC rigid pipes, and the two sides shall be protected by 45-degree cement slopes to prevent them. Excessive load will flatten the PVC plate and affect the line change in the future. Telephone lines, television signal lines, and audio connection wires are laid in separate branches and dedicated signal transmission lines are used. They are spaced at a certain distance from each other so that signals of different kinds do not interfere with each other. The shielded wire mesh openings of the TV signal transmission line should be cut in order to avoid short circuit to the center line, otherwise the image will be unclear. The transformation of the pipelines on the pipeline should be designed to be the most succinct routing, and the phenomenon of elbow and three-passage should be reduced as much as possible. Sewer pipes: The old building adopts cast iron pipe fittings. Some of the new buildings are made of hard engineering plastic pipes, and they are fixed in position and layout in the structural engineering. They should not be easily moved. The home decoration project should not be changed in principle. The sewage pipes are mainly anti-blocking, including the sewers and floor drains of kitchens and bathrooms, especially the cement and sand when the walls and paving slabs are removed, do not fall into the drains and floor drains. When the household decoration needs to wrap the tube, the gate and the gate valve should all leave the access hole and be prepared for future maintenance and overhaul. Gas pipe: Due to the gas pipe's moving transformation and the gas water heater's installation, it is easy to cause leakage of gas and natural gas, which is dangerous. Therefore, the gas company's professional construction team should be invited to construct and go through the approval process. Seven, bathroom decoration "four" note Nowadays, the decoration and arrangement of bathrooms have attracted more and more attention. However, due to the generally small area of ​​the bathroom, poor lighting, and very moist, special attention must be paid to the decoration and layout of the bathroom. Ground should pay attention to waterproof, non-slip. The floor decoration material of the bathroom is preferably a non-slip floor tile with a raised pattern. This type of floor tile not only has good waterproof performance, but also does not become slippery even in the case of water. In the wall decoration of the bathroom, you are better to use the wall tiles that are matched with the floor tiles, so that the bathroom decoration style is unified. Top moisture protection, cover the most important. The ceiling material of the bathroom is preferably made of a PVC buckle plate with good waterproof performance. This kind of gusset can be installed on the keel and can also play the role of masking the pipeline. Sanitary ware pursuit of reasonable. There are many kinds of sanitary ware on the market. If your bathroom area is small and the water pressure is not stable, there is no need to choose a large jacuzzi. The location of the up and down nozzles can sometimes affect your choice of bathroom equipment. Therefore, it is advisable to listen to the decoration designer's advice when purchasing, so as to avoid spending money. Circuit safety first. The bathroom is relatively humid, so be careful when installing lights and wires. The switch preferably has a safety function and the plug cannot be exposed. Eight, the kitchen decoration should pay attention to what fine ◠Measure the length and width of the room from many different points (such as floor-to-ceiling height, wall-to-wall width) and check for unevenness. ◠Remember to consider all protrusions, such as water pipes, gas meters, and water meters. ◠Pay attention to the location of existing water pipes. ◠Note the location of the existing power outlet. ◠Carefully consider where the cabinets and refrigerators are placed so that they can be easily opened. ◠Plan where lighting needs to be enhanced. ◠Be careful to fix the light fixture below the suspended wall cabinet so that you can illuminate the table area. ◠Do not place gas stoves or ovens under the windows, otherwise the wind may blow out the fire or blow the curtain onto the stove. ◠Make sure that the countertops next to the oven and gas stove are empty to allow hot pots and plates to be placed. ◠Do not design the suspended fireplace above the gas stove. ◠Do not put the refrigerator next to the cooker. Otherwise, the refrigerator will consume more power to maintain the cold due to the high temperature. Nine, leakage prevention process construction should pay attention Once in the rainy season, there will be many households in Nanjing experiencing house leaks. In the face of this headache, have you felt helpless? The only solution is to use water-proof materials to make leaks. The key to the quality of construction is the success of building leakage. Pay attention to the following questions when constructing. The construction base must be cleaned. Carefully check the waterproof layer of the original leaking roof. Thoroughly clean the cracked and foamed waterproof layer. Thoroughly clean the dust on the waterproof layer. If you use polyurethane waterproof coating, you can also use solvent on the old base surface brush again, this will not only remove the dust but also increase the adhesion fastness. The construction roof must be dry. The moisture in the roof will not evaporate, and the new waterproof layer will be lifted up, and the waterproof effect will immediately fail. Therefore, rain should not be used for construction. It is necessary to wait for the sun to dry the water before it can be constructed, otherwise the water will not evaporate. The web and roof should be tightly bonded together. There is a certain width of overlap between the webs so that a complete waterproof layer can be formed. In order to ensure that the corners and the three sides of the roof are glued together, it is best to apply a waterproof coating at the same time to ensure double insurance. Waterproof coating must reach the specified amount. The amount of painting is generally about 2 kg per square meter, pay attention to the uniform thickness, the minimum thickness of 1.2 mm or more, so that there is sufficient strength. Ten, carpentry details relations home improvement project success or failure A lot of complaints about home decoration were related to carpentry some time ago. Therefore, the details of carpentry construction that were not intended to be discussed in the past are described here in detail. Because readers need to know more knowledge, we use question and answer this time. Wood-based panels used in various occasions The so-called wood-based panels are nothing more than our common large core boards, plywood boards, Wuli boards, nine-kili boards and chipboards. These are the most commonly used decorative materials for home decoration. Q: When solid wood flooring is used, what kind of big core board can be used as a wool floor? A: Taking into account the construction cost, some construction companies use inferior core boards for wool flooring under solid wood flooring. This is because some people think that the wool floor only plays a balancing role underneath, and the appearance is not good enough to affect the use. There is no problem what kind. However, in fact, the quality of the wood strips in inferior core boards is often poor, and the spacing between the wood strips is relatively large. After the nails on the fixed floor go down, the nail holding force is relatively low, and it is difficult to really fix the floor, which will affect The service life of the floor. Therefore, if we use large core boards as solid wood floor wool flooring during construction, we should use quality products. Q: Why should the platen of the heating cover be made of high quality large core board? A: The heating platen usually has some decorations (such as vases, flower pots, etc.) on the platen. These decorations generally have load-bearing requirements for the platen. However, bad core boards cannot bear load-bearing tasks for a long period of time. After a period of time, they will be deformed or even broken. Q: How do you handle the three sides of the doorframe at the door? A: At the time of wrapping the door, the stress on the three sides of the door frame (up and down) is different, with the hinge being the most loaded. Therefore, the side of the door frame should use a high-quality large core board as the lining board, and avoid the use of artificial board with poor fixing screws such as particle board, and the thickness should be greater than the screw length used for the future installation hinge. Q: Is it possible to use a nine-pig board plus a three-ply board in a skirting board? A: This practice is very common in the current home decoration process. Its advantages are that it is not easily deformed and its appearance is better. However, it should be noted that the nine-ply board must be firmly bonded to the decorative plywood. Use of solid wood lines Q: What is the role of solid wood lines? A: In the woodworking process of home decoration, the solid wood lines have two roles: First, the decorative effect, that is, the use of processed lines to cover the parts with poor visual effects; second, the protective effect, especially in the posted If the panel's closing position is not protected by lines, the surface of the panel will be easily scratched by the owner in the course of its future use, which will affect its use. Q: Why should the door made on site be surrounded by solid wood lines on all four sides? A: On-site production of wooden doors using solid wood lines to seal the four sides of the door, in addition to aesthetic reasons, the main purpose is to increase the overall strength of the door, installation hinge locks convenient and practical, protect the four sides of the door is not due to inappropriate use of the process It is damaged and it is very convenient to repair. Q: Is there a color difference in solid wood lines? A: Since wood is a natural material, the appearance of color is inevitable. No one can avoid this phenomenon. However, it is unreasonable for some consumers to emphasize the problem of chromatic aberration of solid wood lines, and even to use chromatic aberration of solid wood lines as a means of refusing to pay for construction projects. As long as the festival is not too large, it does not affect the use of quality is acceptable. What's more, some of the more modern or avant-garde consumers tend to like it more because of their natural feeling. Painter is a carpenter makeup artist and babysitter Q: Does the painter take on the role of a wood makeup artist? A: Industry insiders often say that even the best carpenters also need the cooperation of painters. Because a woodworking project is only a semi-finished product of the project for the entire project, it must pass the painter's post-dressing, otherwise it is not necessarily satisfactory. As for those projects with poor quality of woodworking, it is even more necessary for the painter to make up for it later. Moreover, the four seasons change greatly. Drying and wetting bring a lot of problems to the home improvement project. Therefore, after the completion of the woodworking project, painters are often required to paint the project closed to avoid excessive moisture exchange between wood products and the outside world, affecting the quality of finished wood products. This will well protect the woodwork products from chapped . In this sense, painters are carpenters' nannies. 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Frequent problems and solutions in the construction process