Isoparaffins are the branched chain alkanes that are used often in the extraction, alkylation and polymerization processes. Their characteristics such as low odor, nonpolar and purity make them applicable for various polymerization processes. They are widely used in slurry polyolefin polymerization. They are also used in various applications including polysiloxane molding, PTFE dispersions and as carriers for the catalysts used in the polymerization process. The technical properties of Isoparaffin can also impart the characteristics of low surface tension and the high oxidation stability for coatings and paint applications. Isoparaffin Solvents,Isoparaffin Volatile Oil,Isoparaffin Oil Liquid,Low Aromatic Isoparaffin Shenyang East Chemical Science-Tech Co., Ltd. , https://www.eastchemy.com
First, the method of composting
1. Ordinary compost: Ordinary compost is cooked under anaerobic conditions. The temperature of compost does not exceed 50 °C, and the time of decomposing is longer, about 3-5 months. The stacking method varies depending on the season and the like, and there are three types of flat type, half pit type and underground type.
(1) Flat type: Suitable for areas with high temperature, heavy rainfall, high humidity, high groundwater level or summer compost. Before the pile, the site is selected to be dry and flat, close to the water source, and convenient to transport. The stack is 2 meters wide and the stack height is 1.5-2 meters. The stack length depends on the amount of material. Prior to stacking, tamping the ground and applying a layer of fine grass or charcoal to absorb the oozing juice. Each layer is 15-24 cm thick, and each layer is filled with water, lime, sludge, human excrement, etc. The top of the pile is covered with a layer of fine soil or river mud to reduce the evaporation of water and the loss of ammonia volatilization. Stack for about 1 month, turn it over once, then add water according to the dryness and wetness of the compost, and then stack it for about 1 month, then turn it over until it is ripe. The speed of composting varies with the seasons. It is hot and humid in summer, composting is about 2 months, and it takes 3-4 months to be decomposed in winter.
(2) Half pit type: Half pit type compost is commonly used in early spring and winter in the north. First, choose to build a pit in the high stagnation of the sun. The depth of the pit is 2-3 feet, the bottom of the pit is 5-6 feet wide and 8-12 feet long. The bottom of the pit has a well-shaped ventilation groove with a groove depth of 5-6 inches. A ventilation tower is formed at the intersection of the ventilation grooves. The compost is 3 feet above the ground, and 1000 kg of air-dried straw is added. The top of the pile is sealed with mud. After the heap, the temperature rises after one week. After the high temperature period, the temperature inside the reactor drops for 5-7 days. It can be turned over, so that the inside and outside of the heap are evenly distributed, and then stacked until it is decomposed.
(3) Deep pit type: The pit depth is 2 meters, all of which are piled underground, also called “underground typeâ€. The stacking method is similar to the half pit type.
2. High temperature composting
High temperature composting is a major method for the organic fertilizer, especially the harmless treatment of human excrement. After the high temperature treatment of straw and feces, it can eliminate the harmful substances such as germs, eggs and grass. In order to speed up the decomposition of straw, high-temperature composting must be inoculated with high-temperature cellulose-decomposing bacteria, and a ventilation device should be set up. In cold regions, cold-proof measures should also be taken. There are two types of high temperature composting in the form of flat and half pit. The method of stacking is the same as that of common compost, but it is necessary to add hot high-temperature cellulose-decomposing bacteria to promote the decomposition of straw. Commonly used horse manure culture liquid instead of horse manure to achieve the purpose of inoculation. The horse manure culture solution is prepared by mixing 2 horses and manure with 20-30 kg of water and putting them into a white iron bucket. The bucket is capped and placed on top of the compost. The barrel is sold into the pile, and the barrel is exposed to the outside. It can be applied for 4-5 days at 65 °C. The amount of the culture solution is 1% of the compost material.
High temperature compost generally passes through several stages such as heat generation, high temperature, temperature drop and decompression. In the high temperature stage, it can be sterilized by insecticide.
Second, the composition and nature of compost
Compost generally contains 15-25% organic matter, fresh compost has a water content of 60-65%, nitrogen content 0.4-0.5%, phosphorus 0.18-0.26%, potassium 0.45-0.67%, carbon to nitrogen ratio 16-20:1 . The nutrient content and organic matter of high temperature compost are higher than ordinary compost. The composted compost is dark brown in color, brown in color or colorless, and smelly.
Third, the application of compost and fertilizer efficiency
Composting is a complete fertilizer containing organic matter and various nutrients. Long-term application of compost can play a role in fertilizing soil. Composting is a hot fertilizer, and the composted compost can be used to capture green (topdressing), as a ditch manure, and a semi-fertilized compost as a base fertilizer. Due to the short growth period and the need for quick fertilizer, vegetable crops should be applied with composting compost. In high-yield fields, crops require more nitrogen, and nitrogen is often insufficiently supplied in compost, so nitrogen fertilizer must be applied to make up for the shortage. The method of applying compost on different soils is different. The sticky soil should be applied with composted compost, while the sandy soil should be applied with moderately composted compost (or semi-fertilized compost).
Organic fertilizer compost and its application
Composting is an organic fertilizer widely used in rural China. It is made up of various organic wastes such as straw, deciduous, wild grass, water grass, green manure, grass charcoal, garbage, river mud, human and animal waste. Divided into two kinds of common compost and high temperature compost.
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