New method to build conductive polymers in living systems

American researchers have developed a new technology that combines genetic engineering and polymer chemistry, using the complex cell structure of living organisms to build a functional bioelectronic material-a conductive polymer. Researchers say that with this technology, scientists may be able to create a variety of functional synthetic structures and substances in living systems in the future, thereby significantly improving the therapeutic potential of bioelectronic medicine. Related papers were published in the latest issue of Science.

Similar to optogenetics that uses laser pulses to modulate neuronal behavior, emerging bioelectronic medicine attempts to use electrical stimulation to produce specific effects on cells or organs. This technology has a wide range of clinical applications, both for soothing pain and for promoting tissue regeneration. However, electrical stimulation is difficult to target specific cells, often affecting a large number of diverse cell populations or off-target tissue components, resulting in adverse side effects. To date, there is no method to construct electroactive polymers with cell type specificity, making it difficult to use electric fields and electrical stimulation in a targeted manner, which limits the development of bioelectronic medicine.

In the new research, researchers at Stanford University in the United States have developed a gene-targeted chemical assembly method using the biosynthesis mechanism of living cells. They first genetically reorganized the target cells and added an enzyme called APEX2 to specific neurons; then they dipped the experimental tissue in a solution containing a small dose of hydrogen peroxide and molecular raw materials. Hydrogen peroxide interacts with neurons with the APEX2 enzyme, which will trigger a series of chemical reactions that fuse the raw material molecules together to form a polymer with insulating or conductive properties. Electrophysiological and behavioral analysis confirmed that this new technology not only preserves the viability of neurons, but also reshapes membrane properties and regulates cell-type-specific behavior.

The researchers point out that their new technology turns cells into chemical engineers, enabling them to use materials provided by scientists to build specific functional polymers. They will continue to explore this technology, hoping to create various complex functional structures and materials in living systems through different chemical signals in the future. (Reporter Liu Haiying)

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