Powdery mildew is a worldwide disease that occurs on many important crops and is highly harmful and difficult to control. The fungus of the ascomycete Yamen powdery mildew can cause powdery mildew, and there are many kinds of pathogens. The conidia can germinate at temperatures up to 10-30 °C, and the humidity requirements are not high. Under normal conditions, an infection cycle can be completed in 10 days; thus, the crop can be repeatedly infected in a growing season. In the event of a rapid outbreak of epidemics, especially in greenhouse greenhouse cultivation, it has caused huge losses to agricultural production. Domestic powdery mildew control agents have experienced the following four stages: The first stage: organic sulfur fungicide An organic sulfur fungicide represented by mancozeb is a broad-spectrum protective fungicide. The mechanism of action is to inhibit the oxidation of pyruvate and the spore germination of the bacteria in the bacteria, and prevent the invasion of the bacteria. In addition to being effective against powdery mildew, this kind of agent has a preventive effect on most diseases of crops. Such agents are not easy to produce resistance, but have little killing effect on mycelium invading plants, and the dosage is relatively large. Protective fungicide. Second stage: Benzimidazole fungicides The benzimidazole fungicide represented by carbendazim is a high-efficiency, low-toxic, broad-spectrum systemic fungicide with dual effects of treatment and protection, and has a strong inhibitory effect on powdery mildew. The main mechanism of action is to interfere with the formation of spindles in the mitosis of pathogens, thereby affecting cell division. Since most of the varieties of such agents, such as benomyl, thiophanate, and thiophanate-methyl, are finally converted into common antibacterial toxic carbendazim after application on strawberries, long-term use is prone to drug resistance. The third stage: triazole fungicide The application of triazole fungicides in the prevention and control of powdery mildew has brought the chemical control technology of powdery mildew into a new era. The mechanism of action is to inhibit the biosynthesis of the ergosterol, which is also known as the biosynthesis inhibitor of ergosterol, which disrupts the function of the cell membrane and thus interferes with the growth of mycelium and sporulation. These agents have the characteristics of high efficiency, broad spectrum, low residue, long duration of action, strong systemic absorption, and protection, treatment, eradication and fumigation. The main types of such fungicides are triazolone, myclobutanil, tetrafluoroetherazole and the like. The application of triadimefon in the control of strawberry powdery mildew has achieved good control effects at the beginning, but the powdery mildew has gradually developed resistance to triazolone after long-term use, and the phytotoxicity and inhibition of triadimefon on strawberries. It is becoming more and more obvious. Myclobutanil and tetrafluoroetherazole are new generation triazole fungicides developed after triazolone. The two agents are more potent than triadimefon, have less dosage, are safer, and have less inhibitory effect on strawberries, and are currently the most widely used triazole agents in strawberry production. Both fenflurazole and tetrafluoroetherazole were superior to triazolone in both therapeutic and protective effects. The fourth stage: biological plant source fungicide The application of this kind of medicament in the prevention and control of powdery mildew is a major breakthrough in chemical control technology. Their characteristics: safe and pollution-free, safe for strawberry flowers and fruits, and have no inhibitory effect on growth. The main varieties of such agents include azoxystrobin, enestrobin, ether fungus and the like. The world's use of azoxystrobin is the largest, the mechanism of action is to inhibit mitochondrial respiration, destroy the energy synthesis of the bacteria, thereby inhibiting mycelial growth, sporulation and germination. The agent has the characteristics of high efficiency, broad spectrum, low residue, and promotion of strawberry growth, and has the functions of prevention, treatment, eradication and inhibition of spore production. It has no cross-resistance with triazole fungicides, diimide fungicides, benzimidazoles and aniline. It is the best agent to replace triazole fungicides. Detailed explanation of various crops of powdery mildew: 1, melon powdery mildew Powdery mildew is one of the common diseases of melons. In recent years, powdery mildew has produced certain resistance, and it can occur all year round, which brings certain difficulties to prevention and treatment. In the general year, the production is reduced by about 10%, and in the popular year, the production is reduced by about 20% to 40%. Both the seedling and the harvest can be infected, mainly affecting the leaves, petioles and stems. Generally do not infect melon strips. The leaf disease initially produces white powdery small plaques on the back or front of the leaves, and then gradually expands into irregular white powdery mildew spots. As the disease progressed, the lesions were connected into pieces and covered with whole leaves. The affected part was found to be chlorotic and yellow, and many dark brown spots appeared on the lesions at the end of the disease. Finally, the white powdery mildew is ripe and turns grayish white. When the disease is severe, the diseased leaf tissue turns yellow brown and die. Under high-humidity conditions, the pathogen can also infect stems and flowers, produce white powder spots, the symptoms are similar to the leaves, and the lesions are small. The onset of melon powdery mildew is mainly from mid-April to late June. Hazardous protection of cucumbers, autumn planting cucumbers from late September to mid-11 is also dangerous. The most suitable climatic conditions for the disease are temperature 16-25 ° C, relative temperature 80% or more. The cucumber cultivated in the protected area is poorly ventilated, the cultivation density is too high, the application of nitrogen fertilizer is too much, and the field is low and the incidence is heavier. Control method (1) Select resistant varieties. (2) Strengthen management. Reasonable close planting, ditching drainage; timely removal of diseased leaves and old leaves; strengthening ventilation and light transmission to enhance plant growth; increasing the application of Jiamei dividend, profit, Hailibao, marine star, etc. to improve plant disease resistance. (3) Chemical control. In the early stage of the disease, timely spraying and prevention, every 7-10 days, continuous control 2-3 times, pay attention to alternate use. The agent can be selected by using 80% ethyl pyrimidazole wettable powder 2500 times, or 40% fluorosiliconazole 4000 times liquid, or 25% acetaminophen suspension 1500 times, or 10% difenoconazole 1500 times liquid spray. Prevention and treatment. 2, strawberry powdery mildew Strawberry powdery mildew is one of the important diseases of strawberries. It can occur in the whole growing season of strawberry. The seedling quality causes the quality of the seedling to decrease, and it is not easy to survive after transplantation. The fruit seriously affects the quality of the strawberry after the disease, resulting in a decrease in the yield. Under suitable conditions, it can develop rapidly, spread into disasters, and suffer serious losses. Strawberry powdery mildew mainly affects leaves, petioles, flowers, pedicels and fruits. Infected with leaves, a thin white mycelium layer grows on the back of the leaves at the beginning of the disease. As the condition worsens, the leaves curl upwards in a spoon shape and produce dark stains of varying sizes. The lesions gradually expand and are on the back of the leaves. Produces a thin layer of white powder like a cream. When severe, multiple lesions are connected into a piece, which can cover the whole leaf; later, it is reddish-brown lesion, leaf margin is atrophy, scorch, flower bud, flower infection, petal Pink, flower buds can not be opened. If the fruit is infected, the young fruit can not expand normally and dry up; if it is damaged in the later stage, the fruit surface is covered with a layer of white powder. As the disease worsens, the fruit loses its luster and hardens, and the coloration deteriorates, seriously affecting the quality of the berries and losing the value of the commodity. The optimum temperature for infection of bacteria is 15-25 °C, and the relative humidity is above 80%. The annual incidence of strawberry powdery mildew in protected areas is from late February to early May and from late 10 to December. The sensitive growth period of strawberry is from fruit setting to late harvest, and the incubation period is 5-10 days. The cultivation of protected land is earlier than that of the strawberry cultivated in the open field, which has a long time of harm and is seriously damaged. The planting density is too large, the management is extensive, the ventilation and light transmission conditions are poor, and the plant growth is weak, which may lead to the aggravation of powdery mildew. When the high temperature and drought and the high temperature and high humidity alternate during the growth of the strawberry, the disease is aggravated. Control method (1) Select disease-resistant varieties and cultivate disease-free and strong seedlings. Different strawberry varieties have large differences in resistance to powdery mildew. (2) Strengthen cultivation management. The seedlings should be cleaned before planting; during the growth period of the strawberries, the old leaves and diseased fruits should be removed and destroyed in a concentrated manner; the ventilation and light-transmission conditions should be maintained, the drainage should be timely after the rain, the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened, and the Jiamei dividend should be added. Jiamei is profitable, nuclear power, Hailibao, and cultivates robust plants. (3) Chemical control. The flowering period of flowering stems before flowering of openland strawberries and the cultivation of protected areas from October to November and the spring and spring of March-March are the key periods for prevention. In the early stage of the disease, Bayer Lunasen (fluopyram + sputum), BASF cucurbita (pyridinamide + ether oxystrobin), Syngenta green quinone (pyrazol + azoxystrobin), Germany BASF Jianda (fluazolamide + pyraclostrobin), acetonitrile sulfonate, Dow Agro-Karain (36% nifedilatyl emulsifiable concentrate), Peruvian Krem and other prevention and treatment, serious The leaves are sprayed in place as far as possible on the back, sprayed once every 10-15 days, and several pesticides are used alternately. Spraying at the center of the disease and surrounding it, every 7-10 days, continuous prevention and control 2-3 times. 3, grape powdery mildew Grape powdery mildew is more common, and the vintage years often cause great losses to fruit quality and yield. It also affects the growth and development of shoots and the growth and development of the grapes for two years. Powdery mildew can infect all green tissues of grapes. When the leaves are damaged, chlorotic plaques of different sizes are present, and then white powder is covered on the lesions. The surface of the leaves under the powder spots is brown in the late stage, and the leaves are scorched off in severe cases. Sometimes black spots appear on the disease. Young leaves often shrink, twist, and develop slowly after being susceptible to disease. The tissue becomes brittle and fragile after the cob is susceptible. The young fruit is ill, the fruit surface is covered with white powder, the fruit is easy to wither and fall off, and some fruit has a dark brown mesh pattern. The diseased fruit stops growing, the deformity, the texture of the flesh becomes hard, the taste is sour, and the fruit is easy to crack and cause decay. After the flowering, the young fruit stage is the peak of the disease. The sweltering weather with high temperature and high humidity is the most susceptible to disease, and the night of foggy days is very popular. Continuous rain, or a real high temperature, will stop the epidemic and the occurrence of the disease. If the ear is not strictly applied before the bag is set, the fruit in the mature stage will be cracked due to the infection of powdery mildew. Control method (1) Thoroughly clear the garden, the diseased branches and residual leaves cut during winter pruning are burned. Before germination, use 3-5 degree stone sulphur mixture; the frame surface ventilation and light transmission is good; the central diseased plant, diseased tip and diseased ear are cleared in time, and the young fruit period is bagged in time. (2) Strengthen cultivation management. During the growth of the grapes, the old leaves and diseased fruits should be removed and destroyed in a concentrated manner; the ventilation and light-transmission conditions should be maintained, the drainage should be timely after the rain, the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened, and the Jiamei dividend, Jiamei profit, nuclear power, and grape enhancement should be added. Resistance to disease and stress. (3) In the early stage of the disease, 10% difenoconazole, or azoxystrobin, or myclobutanil, or prochloraz, may be sprayed and controlled, and the time of administration should avoid high temperature. 4, eggplant powdery mildew Eggplant powdery mildew is one of the common diseases of eggplant, which occurs in all vegetable areas. In the open field cultivation, the damage can occur when the cultivated land is cultivated, but the cultivation in the protected area is obviously heavier than the open field cultivation. The years of warm, rainy weather during the growing season are severe. When the disease is serious, the front and back sides of the leaves are all covered with white powder. Eggplant powdery mildew mainly harms the leaves. In the early stage of the disease, irregular chlorotic yellow spots appeared on the leaves, and white mustard spots appeared in the corresponding parts of the leaf back. After the number of lesions increased, the white powder became increasingly obvious and white spots appeared. The white powder spots can be connected to each other and spread over the entire leaf surface. In severe cases, the front and back sides of the leaves are covered with white powder, and finally the leaves turn yellow and dry. The most suitable climatic conditions for eggplant powdery mildew are temperature 16-24 ° C, relative humidity 45-75%; when the relative humidity exceeds 95%, the development of disease is inhibited. The susceptible period of eggplant is in the flowering stage. Fields with low topography, poor drainage, poor crop growth, continuous cropping and cultivation, and poorly ventilated and poorly applied nitrogen fertilizers are serious. The year is severe in the years of warm, rainy weather in spring and summer. Control method (1) Agricultural control. Implement rotation; select resistant varieties; scientific fertilization, use Jiamei dividend, profit, and nuclear power to enhance the disease resistance and resistance of plants; rational close planting; ventilation, humidity; timely removal of disease, old leaves and sick bodies. (2) Chemical control. In the early stage of the onset of the disease, every 7-10 days, continuous prevention and treatment 2-3 times, depending on the development of the disease, the choice of 10% difenoconazole, or ethyl pyromellie, or azoxystrobin, or nitrile The antibacterial effect of the drug such as azole is good. 5, bean powdery mildew Bean powdery mildew mainly affects various vegetables such as cowpea, pea, broad bean, lentils, and kidney beans. The disease is common in southern vegetable growing areas, and it has a great impact on yield when the disease is severe. Bean powdery mildew mainly harms leaves and can also invade stems and pods. In the early stage of the leaf, a round yellow-brown small spot is formed on the back surface, and then expanded into an irregular purple or brown spot, and a white powdery mildew layer is formed on the leaf back or the leaf surface; Gray-brown, black dots between the layers of mildew. When the occurrence is serious, multiple lesions are connected to each other, and spread along the veins into a powder belt. The leaf surface also has lesions, and the color changes from white to grayish white to purple-brown, and the whole leaves are repeated, and finally the leaves are quickly yellowed off. Stems and pods are infected, producing a white powdery layer that allows the stems to dry up and the pods to shrink. The pathogen is warm and humid, and the suitable temperature range is 15-35 °C. The most suitable climatic conditions are temperature 20-30 ° C and relative humidity 40-95%. The optimum growth period of crops is in the middle and late stages of flowering and pod-forming, and the incubation period is 3-7 days. The main onset of legume powdery mildew is from May to November. The temperature is high, the rainy year is heavy, the dry and wet alternate or the temperature difference between day and night is large, and the nighttime leaf surface is prone to condensation. The weather is heavy, many years of continuous cropping, low terrain, poor drainage, over-planting, poor ventilation and poor growth. The field is seriously affected. Control method (1) Select varieties with strong resistance; sorghum cultivation, reasonable close planting, ditch drainage, increase the application of Jiamei Jinli, profit, ocean star, brain platinum, gold spots and other package fertilizer to enhance plant growth and improve disease resistance Force; promptly remove old diseased leaves, remove the diseased bodies in time after harvest, take them out of the field for centralized destruction, reduce the source of bacteria in the field. In the protected area cultivation, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation and ventilation. (2) Chemical control. In the early stage of the disease, 10% difenoconazole, or azoxystrobin, or acetazol, or myclobutanil can be sprayed and controlled, sprayed once every 5-7 days, and continuously controlled 2-3 times. 6, apple powdery mildew In addition to harming apples, apple powdery mildew can also harm mountain Jingzi, sand fruit, betel nut and sea bream. Apple powdery mildew mainly damages the young shoots and young leaves of apple trees, and can also be harmful buds, flowers and young fruits. After the seedlings are infected, the top leaves and the young stems of the seedlings produce gray-white plaques, such as white powder. When the disease is serious, the lesion spreads to the whole leaf, and the diseased leaves shrink, gradually brown and die. After the top of the new shoot is damaged, the leaves are sluggish, and the extracted leaves are slender, purple-red, the tip is twisted, and the development stops. On the lesions, especially between the tender stems and the ridges, many dense black small spots are produced. When the temperature in the spring gradually rises to between 21-25 °C and the relative humidity reaches 70% or more, it is beneficial to the reproduction and spread of the bacteria. The occurrence of apple powdery mildew occurred from April to June, and the disease was stagnant during the hot season from July to August. It spread again on the autumn tip at the end of August and gradually declined after September. There are two peaks in the disease during the year, which are completely consistent with the new shoot growth period of the apple tree. The occurrence of apple powdery mildew is closely related to climatic conditions, cultivation conditions and varieties. The warm and arid year of spring is conducive to the pre-epidemic epidemic. It is rainy and cool in summer and sunny in autumn, which is conducive to late onset. The terrain is low, the orchard is densely planted, the soil is sticky, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and the potassium fertilizer is insufficient, causing the canopy to close, and the disease is heavy when the branches are weak. The orchard management is extensive, improperly trimmed, and inappropriately carried out light shearing and long-term release, so that the increase in the number of buds will also aggravate the occurrence of powdery mildew. Control method (1) Strengthen cultivation management, adopt formula fertilization, increase the application of Jiamei Hailibao, profit, Jiamei Nei potassium, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, make fruit trees grow strong and control irrigation. (2) Clean the pastoral, combine the winter pruning, cut off the diseased shoots and diseased buds; cut back in early spring, cut off the newly-occupied shoots, concentrate burning or deep burial, and prevent the spread of conidia. (3) Chemical control, spraying protective agents before germination to prevent and protect; in the early stage of the disease, in the early stage of the disease, the agent 10% difenoconazole, or azoxystrobin, or acetazol, or myclobutanil spray treatment, Once every 10-20 days, a total of 3-4 times. 7, flower powdery mildew The economic value of flowers is high. In flower planting, powdery mildew is an important disease. In recent years, powdery mildew has occurred severely in flowers such as rose, and the occurrence area of ​​each flower producing area is larger than one year. The suitable temperature for flower powdery mildew is 15-25 °C. Powdery mildew can spread and spread regardless of whether the environment is dry or under high humidity. Control method The medicament can be selected by using the agent 10% difenoconazole, or azoxystrobin, or acetazol, or myclobutanil to prevent and control the flower powdery mildew of various types of rose. 8, Chinese herbal medicine powdery mildew In the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials, powdery mildew is an important disease in production. In recent years, powdery mildew has occurred severely in Chinese medicinal materials such as Schisandra, Angelica, Astragalus, Poria and Sanqi. The occurrence area of ​​each Chinese herbal medicine producing area is one year. One year old. The suitable temperature for the occurrence of powdery mildew of Chinese medicinal materials is 15-25 ° C. Powdery mildew can spread and spread regardless of whether the environment is dry or under high humidity. Control method In the early stage of the disease, the agent 10% difenoconazole, or azoxystrobin, or ethylpyrrolidone, or myclobutanil is sprayed. 9, mango powdery mildew Mango powdery mildew occurs in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan. It can harm the inflorescence, young leaves, young shoots and young fruit of mango, and some scattered white powdery lesions begin to form on the surface of these young tissues. Later, the tissue under the lesions is necrotic and brown disease is formed. After the inflorescence is damaged, the flowers stop opening, the peduncle no longer stretches, and then wither, dry, turn black and fall off. The tender leaves are often twisted and detached. Young fruit is damaged, causing fruit drop, and blocky disease is often formed on larger young fruit. The disease can occur at 9-32 ° C, 0-100% relative humidity, and the temperature is about 23 ° C. The pathogens often survive on the old diseased leaves that have been delayed, and become the source of initial infection. In the spring of the next year, the wind is spread to the newly drawn young leaves and inflorescences. The annual flowering period of mango leaves is 2-4 months per year, and it is easy to occur and spread when it encounters high-humidity, cloudy, and low night temperatures. Control method On the basis of strengthening cultivation management, timely spraying and prevention. In the general year, the disease can be controlled by spraying once in the flowering stage, flowering stage and tamping stage; however, it takes 7 days to spray once in the severely ill or severely infected year, increasing the number of spraying. It is necessary to make a refill after spraying. The medicament may be alternately controlled by a mixture of difenoconazole, azoxystrobin, acetaminophen, and myclobutanil. (Source: Tianbao Agricultural Technology Service Platform)
Excavator and Bulldozer Undercarriage Parts Contain Track Link, Track Shoe, Track Roller, Carrier Roller, Idler, Track Adjuster, Track Guard and So on.
Brand As Komatsu, Volvo, Kobelco, Hitachi, Hyundai, Doosan Daewoo, Caterpillar......
About our products and company :
1. Original Travel Motor
Undercarriage Parts Undercarriage Parts,Excavator Undercarriage Parts,Berco Undercarriage Parts,Dozer Undercarriage Parts Jining Tongderui Construction Machinery Co., Ltd. , https://www.tdr-excavatorparts.com
2. Widely used
3. Good quality with best price
4. Perfect and saftey package
5.Timely delivery
The most complete powdery mildew map in history! Collect it slowly!